Table of Content

15 April 2020, Volume 47 Issue 2
Previous Issue    Next Issue

---

For Selected:

Download Citations EndNote Ris BibTeX

Toggle Thumbnails

Select

Advances in Chemotherapy for Ovarian Malignant Tumors NIU Xing-yan, ZHANG Dong-ping, LI Fei-xia, PENG Yun-hua 2020, 47 (2):  125-128.  Abstract ( 1168 )   PDF (539KB) ( 8036 )   Ovarian cancer is one of the common malignant tumors in gynecology. Because the ovary is located in the deep part of the pelvic cavity, it is small in size and lacks typical symptoms and signs when they are diseased. When ovarian cancer is found, most of them are advanced. The high recurrence rate, high mortality rate and low survival rate of ovarian cancer pose a serious threat to women′s life. Among them, epithelial cancer is the most common type, accounting for 50%-70% of ovarian malignant tumors, and it is sensitive to chemotherapy. Surgery and chemotherapy are the main treatments for ovarian cancer. Chemotherapy includes preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NAC) and postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. The first-line chemotherapy for ovarian cancer is combined chemotherapy based on platinum and paclitaxel. With the further study of chemotherapy, most patients were found to be platinum-sensitive while about 20% of patients had platinum resistance. Regardless of the initial response of patients to chemotherapy, most patients will inevitably have resistance to platinum treatment in the process of disease, which has a great influence on the effects of chemotherapy and the progression-free survival (PFS) and the overall survival (OS) of patients. There are many reasons for platinum resistance, including the increase of drug use, the decrease of drug transport capacity, long period of NAC, impaired DNA repair and changes in apoptotic processes, but the main mechanism needs further study. This is a review of the current situation and progress of chemotherapy for ovarian cancer. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Research Progress in the Relationship between Vitamin D and Its Receptor and Endometrial Cancer LIU Si-si，SUN Zhen-jie，FENG Wen 2020, 47 (2):  129-133.  Abstract ( 1355 )   PDF (614KB) ( 7867 )   As a fat-soluble steroid derivative, vitamin D has the physiological function of maintaining the balance of calcium and phosphorus metabolism of bone. Some studies have shown that vitamin D can promote the process of cell differentiation and apoptosis in the development of diseases of the immune system, endocrine system, cardiovascular system, some tumors and inflammation. Vitamin D mainly regulates the expression of vitamin D receptor, mediates the transcription of target genes, and realizes the biological effect of anti-tumor. In recent years, some studies have found the expression of vitamin D receptor in endometrial cancer tissues, suggesting that it may be related to the progression of endometrial cancer and may be a potential target for the treatment of endometrial cancer. Vitamin D and its analogues have been used in endocrine therapy for cancer as the mechanism of anti-tumor therapy has been further explored. The biological basis of vitamin D receptor, the anti-tumor effect of vitamin D and its application in endometrial cancer were reviewed. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

The Role of Long Non-Coding RNA in Chemotherapy Resistance of Ovarian Cancer ZHAO Qing，LIU Qian 2020, 47 (2):  134-137.  Abstract ( 1036 )   PDF (491KB) ( 7021 )   Ovarian cancer is one of the three malignant tumors of the female reproductive system and also one of the main causes of death related to gynecological malignancies. Although treatment regimens including surgery and chemotherapy, have shown some success, the 5-year overall survival rate of patients with ovarian cancer is still unsatisfactory. One reason is that most ovarian cancers are asymptomatic in the early stages and diagnosed late. The other is due to the increased recurrence rate and resistance to chemotherapy. The key to reducing mortality in patients with ovarian cancer is early diagnosis and treatment and effective prediction of chemotherapy resistance. Studying the expression patterns of genes and proteins associated with ovarian cancer is critical to promoting the production of diagnostic biomarkers and to providing new research targets for drug design, treatment and resistance. In recent years, long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) plays an increasingly important role. Abnormal expression of lncRNA has been found in many diseases, including cancer, but its exact role in the etiology and biology remains unclear. With the further study on the mechanism of ovarian cancer, it has been reported that abnormal expression of lncRNA is related to platinum/paclitaxel resistance. This paper reviewed the recent advances in the application of lncRNA in chemotherapy resistance of ovarian cancer. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Research Progress of miR-375 in Cervical Cancer WANG Hui，WANG Wen-hao，HAO Min 2020, 47 (2):  138-142.  Abstract ( 1156 )   PDF (694KB) ( 7806 )   Cervical cancer is the forth most common female cancer in the world, and it is developing in a younger trend. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment is very important. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are conserved, single-stranded, non-coding small RNAs composed of 19-23 nucleotides. MiRNAs have been shown to be abnormally expressed in many human cancers, and they play an important role in the development, progression and metastasis of cancer. As a highly conserved miRNA, miR-375 is present on human chromosome 2 and has been shown to be down-regulated in cervical cancer patients. It is involved in the progression of cervical cancer by regulating the expression of downstream target genes. The sensitivity and specificity of serum miR-375 are superior to the traditional tumor marker CA125. The sensitivity is better than that of liquid-based cytology (TCT). MiR-375 is expected to be a new marker for early diagnosis of cervical cancer. MiR-375 can regulate the sensitivity of chemoradiotherapy for cervical cancer, and it can be used as a potential effective drug target. Loss of expression of miR-375 promotes the occurrence of cervical cancer, and it is also an important factor to promote the progression of clinical stage or the risk of recurrence. MiR-375 can be used as a biomarker for predicting the prognosis of cervical cancer. In this article, we focus on the mechanism of miR-375 in the progression of cervical cancer and its clinical diagnosis and prognosis. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Effect of Silencing MMP-2 on Biological Behavior in Human Cervical Squamous SiHa Cells XU Xun，LU Yan，ZHAO Bing-bing，YAO De-sheng，WU Guang-teng，DONG Ting-ting，FENG Yi-ming，MA Xiu-zhen，LONG Ying 2020, 47 (2):  143-146.  Abstract ( 1001 )   PDF (16622KB) ( 7049 )   Objective: To investigate the effect of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) on cell proliferation, migration, invasion of human cervical squamous carcinomas SiHa cells and tumorigenic ability of nude mice. Methods: Cervical squamous carcinoma SiHa cells were transfected with MMP-2 silencing lentiviral vector (MMP-2-LV group), and cervical squamous carcinoma SiHa cells were transfected with a control lentiviral vector (NC-LV group，negative control). The mRNA levels of MMP-2 were measured using qRT-PCR. The expression of MMP-2 protein was detected by Western blotting. The effects of MMP-2 on cell proliferation, invasion, migration and apoptosis were observed by CCK-8 cell proliferation assay, Transwell invasion, migration assay, and flow cytometry. The effect of MMP-2 on subcutaneous tumor formation ability of nude mice was observed by transplanted tumor model in nude mice. Results: Compared with the NC group, the MMP-2-LV group showed lower expression of MMP-2 mRNA and protein(P＜0.01), and it showed a reduction of the cell proliferation ability(P＜0.01), invasion and migration ability(P＜0.05), as well as the increase of apoptosis(P＜0.05). The nude mice tumor formation showed lower subcutaneous tumorigenic average tumor volume of nude mice inoculated with MMP-2-LV group than the NC-LV group (P＜0.01). Conclusions: Silencing MMP-2 can inhibit the proliferation, invasion and migration of SiHa cells and promote apoptosis, suggesting that MMP-2 could be a potential therapeutic target for cervical squamous cell carcinoma. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Expression of BAG-1 and MCM2 in Cervical Cancer before and after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy and Its Correlation with Chemotherapy Efficacy SONG Li-juan，XIANG Lin，JIN Rong，KANG Ya-qiong，LI Xiao-qin，WEI Chun-yan，DAI Yin-qiao，ZHANG Qian-wen，DI Xiao-hong 2020, 47 (2):  147-151.  Abstract ( 1192 )   PDF (8345KB) ( 7758 )   Objective: To explore the feasibility of BAG-1 and MCM2 as effective predictors for neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) of cervical cancer. Methods: Clinical data of 90 patients of cervical cancer treated with preoperative platinum-based NACT and surgery were collected in Gansu Provincial Cancer Hospital from January 2015 to June 2018. Immunohistochemical methods were used to detect the expression of BAG-1 and MCM2 proteins in normal cervical tissues and cervical biopsy tissues of the same cervical cancer patients before NACT and after NACT. The expression differences between normal cervical tissues and cervical cancer tissues, cervical cancer tissues before and after NACT was compared, and the correlation of the 2 proteins with the clinical efficacy of NACT was analyzed. Results: The high expression rates of BAG-1 and MCM2 in pre-NACT cervical cancer tissues were 67.8% (61/90) and 81.1% (73/90), respectively, which was higher than 11.7% (7/60) and 6.7% (4/60) of normal cervical tissues. There was a significant difference between the two groups ( χ2=45.736 and 76.909，both P=0.000). The high expression rates of BAG-1 and MCM2 in cervical cancer tissues after NACT were 70.0% (63/90) and 78.9% (71/90), respectively. There was no significant difference between before and after NACT( χ2=0.104 and 0.139, both P＞0.05). After NACT, 59 of 90 cases of cervical cancer were effective (65.6%), while 31 of 90 cases were invalid (34.4%). There was no correlation of the efficacy of NACT with age, pathological type, differentiation degree, tumor maximum diameter and FIGO stage (both P＞0.05). The high expression rate of BAG-1 in the chemotherapy-effective group was lower than that ineffective group, and there was a significant difference between the two groups (54.2% vs. 93.5%, χ2=12.636, P=0.000). However, there was no significant difference of MCM2 high expression rate between the effective group and the ineffective group（79.7% vs. 83.9%, χ2=0.235, P=0.628）. Conclusions: Detection of BAG-1 expression may be a reference indicator for predicting the chemotherapy efficacy of platinum-based NACT regimens for cervical cancer. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Short-Term Efficacy and Safety of Apatinib in the Treatment of Platinum-Resistant Ovarian Cancer ZHANG Jin，SHI Hui-rong 2020, 47 (2):  152-154.  Abstract ( 1552 )   PDF (456KB) ( 7971 )   Objective：To explore the short-term efficacy and safety of apatinib in the treatment of platinum-resistant ovarian cancer. Methods：Patients with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer treated at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from July 2015 to January 2019 were collected and divided into 2 groups according to the treatment protocol: simple chemotherapy group (gemcitabine+oxaliplatin) and apatinib combined chemotherapy group (apatinib+gemcitabine+oxaliplatin). The objective remission rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) were evaluated and the incidence of adverse reactions was compared in the 2 groups. Results：The ORR (52.4% vs. 24.0%) and DCR (61.9% vs. 32.0%) in the apatinib combined chemotherapy group were better than those in the simple chemotherapy group, and the level of CA125 after treatment was significantly lower than that in the simple chemotherapy group (P＜0.05). The incidence of hypertension and skin reaction of hand and foot in the apatinib combined chemotherapy group was higher than that in the simple chemotherapy group (P＜0.05), and all adverse reactions could be alleviated after symptomatic support treatment. Conclusions：Apaintib combined with chemotherapy is effective and safe in treating platinum-resistant ovarian cancer. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Related Factors for Postoperative Lymphocysts Complicated with Infection in Gynecologic Malignant Tumor Patients and Curative Effects ZHANG Dong-ping，NIU Xing-yan，YU Ting，PENG Yun-hua 2020, 47 (2):  155-159.  Abstract ( 1347 )   PDF (737KB) ( 8187 )   Objective: To explore the related factors and curative effects for postoperative lymphocysts complicated with infection in gynecologic malignant tumor patients. Methods: A total of 351 patients with gynecologic malignant tumor who were treated by undergoing laparoscopic surgery in the First Hospital of Lanzhou University from Jan 2017 to Jan 2019 were retrosoectively enrolled in the study. According to the presence of lymphocyst formation, they were devided into lymphocyst group and no lymphocyst group. The two groups were compared in general condition, intraoperative status, postoperative laboratory tests and postoperatuve pathology. Results: The univariate analysis suggested that the incidence of lymphocyst was statistically significant with the number of dissection of lymph nodes (P=0.000), indwelling time of drainage tube (P=0.013), postoperative radiotherapy (P=0.005), body mass index (BMI, P=0.000) and triglyceride (TG, P=0.004) between the groups with and without lymph cyst. Logistic regression correlation analysis results showed that the number of resected lymphnodes and BMI were independent risk factors for lymphcyst formation (P＜0.05). 20 patients were complicated with lymphocyst infection during the adjuvant therapy with the incidence of 17.85%. The univariate analysis indicated that the infection was closely associated with the diameter of lymphocyst (P=0.000) and diabetes mellitus (P=0.000). The Logistic regression analysis showed that the diameter of lymphocyst was the independent influencing factor for the lymphocyst complicated with infection (OR=4.375, P=0.041). Conclusions: The number of lymph nodes resected, indwelling time of drainage tube, postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy, the ■ BMI and TG were the related factors of lymphocysts after pelvic lymph node dissection for gynecological malignant tumor. The diameter of lymphocyst was the independent influencing factors for the lymphocyst complicated with infection. Puncture and drainage combined with antibiotics were recommended therapy. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Ovarian Asexual Cell Tumor with Pregnancy：A Case Report and Literature Review CHU Qi，ZHENG Lian-wen，ZHANG Wen-ying，XU Ying 2020, 47 (2):  159-161.  Abstract ( 1090 )   PDF (8486KB) ( 6980 )   Ovarian malignant germ cell tumor accounts for about 2% of all ovarian malignant tumors. The most common type is ovarian asexual cell tumor. Pregnancy complicated with ovarian asexual cell tumor is an extremely rare clinical situation. The clinical data of a case of pregnancy complicated with ovarian asexual cell tumor admitted to the obstetrics and gynecology department of the Second Hospital of Jilin University in May 2019 were retrospectively analyzed, and relevant literatures were reviewed. The clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of this disease are described to accumulate some experience in clinical management of pregnancy complicated with ovarian asexual cell tumor. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Large Uterine Cervical Nabothian Cyst: A Case Report and Literature Review YANG Lin，TIAN Xue-hong，XIANG Mei 2020, 47 (2):  162-164.  Abstract ( 1479 )   PDF (6119KB) ( 8100 )   Uterine cervical Naboth cyst is a common benign disease of gynecology, and it is caused by the damage to the cervix like childbirth, inflammation and artificial abortion. The diameter of the small cervical cysts varies from a few millimeters to 4 centimeters, which can be single or multiple. Most patients do not have self-conscious symptoms. Big cysts are rare and patients may have discomforts during sexual intercourses. Clinically preoperative identification of the large uterine cervical Nabothian cysts is very important. Differentiation from cervical malignant disease can help avoid expanding the scope of surgery and improve the postoperative qualities of lifes of patients. Large Naboth cysts are easily confused with mullerian duct cysts and cervical malignant adenomas before operation. Ultrasound examination has no absolute diagnostic value. The etiology of large cervical Naboth cysts is unclear. A case of pregnancy to term delivery with complete mediastinal uterus is reported. Whether there is a relationship between the incidence of large uterine Naboth cysts and uterine congenital malformations remains to be studied. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Research Progress on Superficial Placental Implantation of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy WANG Hui-fei，GUO Yu-jing，WANG Min，MA Shuai，LIU Yi，JIA Zan-hui 2020, 47 (2):  165-168.  Abstract ( 1936 )   PDF (483KB) ( 7936 )   Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) is an idiopathic disease of pregnancy, which seriously impact maternal and fetal health. It is a major cause of maternal and perinatal mortality, but its exact etiology and pathogenesis are still unclear. In recent years, it has been found that shallow implantation of placenta is an important mechanism of HDP. The factors influencing the process of shallow implantation of placenta can be divided into three aspects. The first is to affect the invasion ability of traphoblasts, mainly including hypoxia, cytokines, epigenetic regulation. The second is to influence the infiltration process of inflammatory factors, including chemokine family and decidual natural killer cells. The third is the degree of degradation of extracellular matrix, mainly including matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and related influencing factors. The mechanism of placental shallow implantation of HDP was reviewed in order to provide a new direction for early diagnosis, treatment and prevention of clinical diseases. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Research Progress on the Correlation between ACVR2A and Pre-Eclampsia FENG Ya-nan，SUN Li-tao，LU Rui，LI Xiao-ying，ZHANG Shuang 2020, 47 (2):  169-172.  Abstract ( 1049 )   PDF (467KB) ( 7793 )   Pre-eclampsia is a pregnancy-specific disease and a leading cause of maternal and perinatal death. Until now, no hypothesis can fully explain the pathological changes of pre-eclampsia, which is characterized by early placental trophoblast infiltration and decreased spiral artery remodeling. ACVR2A (activin A receptor type 2A), a member of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) receptor family, is considered as an important regulator of reproductive function, especially in the process of decidualization, trophoblast cell infiltration and placental formation. Recent studies have shown that activin A and its receptor play an important regulatory role in the occurrence and development of pre-eclampsia. This paper reviews the relationship between ACVR2A and pre-eclampsia, aiming to provide a new theoretical basis for the pathogenesis, early diagnosis and treatment of pre-eclampsia. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Application of Internal Iliac Arteries Balloon Occlusion in Treatment of Pernicious Placenta Previa LUO Meng-yao，LI He-jiang 2020, 47 (2):  173-177.  Abstract ( 1448 )   PDF (681KB) ( 7833 )   Pernicious placenta previa (PPP) is prone to sudden and intractable bleeding. Interventional therapies have been widely used in the treatment of PPP in recent years, to reduce the bleeding during cesarean section and hysterectomy. They mainly include balloon occlusion and arterial embolization. Among them, internal iliac artery balloon occlusion can effectively prevent and reduce the bleeding during cesarean section of PPP, turning emergency into prophylactic treatment. Domestic and foreign research continues to explore the operation method, the timing of balloon occlusion, single balloon occlusion time when internal iliac arteries balloon occlusion is used during cesarean section of PPP. Balloon occlusion of internal iliac arteries has certain effect in clinical application of obstetrics, but the effect is limited when used separately in placenta percreta. Its complications mainly include thrombosis and embolism, vascular injury, radiation effect, and ischemia-reperfusion injury. This article reviews the application and existing problems of internal iliac artery balloon occlusion in cesarean section of PPP, to provide reference for clinical application. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Ultrasound Monitoring the Progress of Labor HUO Ge-ge，CHANG Ying，CHEN Xu 2020, 47 (2):  178-181.  Abstract ( 1073 )   PDF (469KB) ( 7091 )   Delivery is a process in which the fetus is descending with the contraction in the maternal birth canal. In addition to monitoring the fetal heart rate, doctors and midwives need to estimate the position, the station , and cervical dilatation through vaginal examination, if necessary, assist the mother to give birth. However, frequent vaginal examinations will not only bring a poor delivery experience to the mother, but also increase the risk of uterine infection. The accuracy of the vaginal examination depends on the experience of the examiner to a large extent. If the assessment is wrong, it may affect the final outcome. In recent years, more and more evidences shows that the accuracy, repeatability and maternal compliance of ultrasound are higher than vaginal examination in managing labor. Dozens of ultrasound parameters have been proposed, which have shown good performance in judging the fetal position, station, rotation and predicting the outcome of delivery. This review summarized recent literatures, in order to objectively analyze the advantages, disadvantages, and future development of ultrasound in labor monitoring. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Research Progress on Severe Maternal Morbidity and Prevention and Control Strategies CHEN Ru-yi，SHAO Yong 2020, 47 (2):  182-185.  Abstract ( 1278 )   PDF (542KB) ( 7853 )   In the past, maternal mortality (MMR) was an important indicator of women′s health and socio-economic development in a country or region. In 2019, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention collected information on maternal deaths across the country and concluded that up to half of all maternal deaths are preventable if action is taken. With the introduction of the millennium development goals (MDGS) in 2000 and countries′ emphasis on maternal health, maternal death has become a very low probability event, while the incidence of severe maternal morbidity (SMM), that is, the incidence of critical maternal events, has become a more common and useful indicator of obstetric care than mortality. For every maternal death in the United States, about 50 women experience SMM. Although MMR has traditionally been a key indicator of maternal outcomes, the prevalence of SMM can provide more comprehensive information on perinatal health and is a way to monitor maternal outcomes. At the same time, SMM is usually a precursor of maternal death, and as a dynamic process leading to maternal death and a preliminary indicator, it has important clinical significance for strengthening maternal management and thus reducing MMR. Many countries have begun to take the incidence of SMM as one of the important indicators to evaluate the quality of obstetrics. Controlling the occurrence and development of severe maternal morbidity can reduce maternal mortality. Prevention and control of SMM, in addition to conventional strategies, to avoid medically related delays, the use of maternal early warning trigger tool (MEWT) has important clinical value. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Correlation Analysis between PZ, ZPI and Other Related Indicators and Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy LUO Xiao-hua，GUO Xiao-pei，HUANG Yu-lian，SHI Na，GU Cun-hua，WEI Xin-yi 2020, 47 (2):  186-189.  Abstract ( 1061 )   PDF (550KB) ( 6973 )   Objective: To study the correlation between protein Z (PZ), protein Z-dependent protease inhibitor (ZPI) and other related blood coagulation indicators (PC, PS) in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP). Methods: 60 cases with HDP were selected from The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from June 2017 to December 2018 as HDP group (60 cases) and research objects. It was divided into gestation hypertension group (25 cases) and pre-eclampsia group (PE group, 35 cases). 50 cases pregnancy women were selected as normal pregnancy group and 30 cases not pregnant women were selected as normal non-pregnant group, detect and compare the levels of PZ, ZPI in serum and PS, PC in plasma of each groups of women and investigate the correlation with HDP, evaluate the diagnostic value by ROC curve, analysis its research value for the disease. Results: ①The serum PZ and ZPI levels in the HDP group were lower than those in the normal pregnancy group, while the serum PZ and ZPI levels in the normal pregnancy group were higher than those in the normal non-pregnant group (P＜0.05). The serum PZ and ZPI levels were negatively correlated with the severity of HDP (P＜0.05), the correlation coefficients were -0.687 and -0.444 respectively. The areas under the corresponding ROC curves were 0.901 (95%CI: 0.853-0.948), 0.759 (95%CI: 0.676-0.841), the cut-off value were 31.52 ng/mL and 14.54 ng/mL respectively. ②The plasma PS and PC levels in the HDP group were lower than the other two groups (P＜0.05), there was no significant difference between normal pregnancy group and normal non-pregnancy group (P＞0.05). The plasma PC levels were negatively correlated with HDP (P＜0.05), the correlation coefficients were -0.340. The area under the ROC curve was 0.677 (95%CI: 0.586-0.769), the cut-off value was 108.08%. The plasma PS level has no correlation with HDP (P＞0.05). ③In the two subgroups of HDP group, the PZ and ZPI levels in the PE group were lower than those in the gestation hypertension group, there was no significant difference in the levels of PS and PC between the two groups (P＞0.05). Conclusions: By detecting the levels of PZ, ZPI, PS, PC in the blood of patients with HDP, the abnormalities of coagulation index can be found early, so that early intervention can be performed and minimize complications of HDP. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Effect of the SiRNA-Mediated ABCG2 Gene Silencing on the Secretion of hCG by Trophoblasts in Pre-Eclampsia JIA Yan-ju，CUI Hong-yan，LIU Ying，WANG Huan-rong 2020, 47 (2):  190-194.  Abstract ( 1015 )   PDF (831KB) ( 7772 )   Objective：To detect the expression of mRNA and protein of the active ATP-binding cassette family G2 transporters (ABCG2) and the level of β-hCG before and after the RNA interference of ABCG2 gene in primary cultured trophoblast cells from normal and pre-eclamptic placentas, explore the effect of ABCG2 on the function of trophoblasts in pre-eclampsia. Methods：Three target siRNA sites of ABCG2 genes were determined by siRNA prediction tools and three pairs of complementary shRNA sequence transformation plasmids were synthesized. The effective interfering plasmids were selected to package lentivirus and infected trophoblasts. The change of expression of ABCG2 mRNA and protein in the cells were detected by real time fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western blotting in cultivated villous trophoblasts of different differentiation states from normal and pre-eclamptic placentas to verify the effect of interference, β-hCG level was detected by ELISA before and after interference in cell culture supernatants. Results：After RNA interference, the expression of ABCG2 mRNA and protein decreased significantly in trophoblasts and hCG secretion of trophoblasts was reduced. The level of hCG in pre-eclampsia trophoblasts was higher than normal before and after interference. Conclusions：SiRNA could effectively interfere the expression of ABCG2 gene in trophoblast cells. Secretion of hCG was inhibited after the silence of ABCG2 gene expression in placental trophoblasts, hCG secretion in pre-eclampsia patient was higher than normal. ABCG2 might play a role in inhibiting the development of pre-eclampsia by stimulating the secretion of hCG of trophoblasts. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

The Effect of Prophylactic Use of Calcium Gluconate in the Second Stage of Labor on the Reduction of the Amount of Bleeding during and after parturition LIU Chang，JIA Ru，ZHENG Xiao-ming，WANG De-ling 2020, 47 (2):  195-198.  Abstract ( 1308 )   PDF (517KB) ( 8369 )   Objective：To analyze the effect of prophylactic use of calcium gluconate in the second stage of labor on the reduction of the amount of bleeding during and after parturition. Methods：Patients who entered the second stage of labor in single-birth primipara with hospitalization in the Department of Obstetrics, Tianjin First Central Hospital from August 2018 to May 2019 were randomly divided into two groups, including the treatment group (282 women who accepted 1 g calcium gluconate as the preventive dose usage immediately entering the second stage of labor) and the control group (274 women who accepted glucose injection immediately entering the second stage of labor). The delivery outcomes and the neonatal outcomes were compared. Results：The duration of the second and third stage of labor in the treatment group were both shorter than in the control group with statistically significant (P＜0.05). The amount of intrapartum hemorrhage, the total amount of hemorrhage after postpartum 2 h, 6 h, 12 h and 24 h in the treatment group were all obviously less than that in the control group with statistically significance (P＜0.05). All the differences of the neonatal weight, neonatal umbilical artery pH, neonatal 1 min Apgar score and neonatal calcium concentration of umbilical artery blood between the treatment group and the control group were not statistically significant (P＞0.05). Conclusions：Preventive use of calcium gluconate when immediately entering the second stage of labor can reduce the amount of intrapartum and postpartum hemorrhage in single-birth primipara. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Analysis of Vitamin A Status and Reticulocyte Parameters in Pregnant with Anemia in Late Pregnancy CHENG Li-hong，ZHANG Shu-yi，WU Yu-lei，ZHANG Wei，ZHANG Qing-hua，LI Zhong-jun 2020, 47 (2):  199-202.  Abstract ( 1014 )   PDF (607KB) ( 7938 )   Objective：To study the correlation between anemia in late pregnancy and vitamin A deficiency, and the effects of vitamin A deficiency on erythrocyte and reticulocyte parameters. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 1 204 pregnant women in late pregnancy who came to Dongguan Guancheng Hospital from March 2017 to March 2018 was carried out. Among them, 299 pregnant women with anemia were in anemia group, 905 pregnant women without anemia and other pregnancy complications were in control group. The differences of vitamin A concentration and reticulocyte parameters between the two groups were compared. In addition, pregnant women were divided into vitamin A deficient group and vitamin A normal group according to vitamin A concentration，which used 0.3 mg/L as the boundary value. The incidence of anemia, erythrocyte parameters and reticulocyte parameters were compared between the two groups. Results: The incidences of anemia and vitamin A deficiency in late pregnancy were 24.83% (299/1 204) and 16.45% (198/1 204), respectively. The incidence of anemia in the vitamin A deficiency group was significantly higher than that in the vitamin A normal group (34.85% vs. 22.86%, χ2=12.732, P=0.000). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of vitamin A and anemia in late pregnancy was 0.604 (95%CI: 0.568-0.640), and the cut-off value of vitamin A was 0.36 mg/L. Vitamin A deficiency was associated with decreased MCHC [(332.91±14.50)g/L vs. (337.95±14.19)g/L], increased RDW-CV (14.61±2.08 vs. 13.93±1.79), RET% [(1.77±0.76)% vs. (1.60±0.66)%] and IRF [(11.19±6.05)% vs. (9.36±5.82)%] compared with the normal group (P＜0.05). While there was no statistical significance in the changes of MCV, MCH and RET# (P＞0.05). Conclusions: Vitamin A deficiency may be associated with anemia during pregnancy, and the parameters of red blood cells and reticulocytes can be changed accordingly. In order to reduce the incidence of anemia during pregnancy and ensure the health of mother and baby, it is necessary to monitor the plasma vitamin A concentration of pregnant women, and maintain the level higher than the lower limit of normal value through diet or drug supplement. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Analysis of Serum Down′s Screening Results in 554 751 Pregnant Women in the Second Trimester ZHAO Yue-shu，FENG Xiao，WANG Jun，CUI Shi-hong，WANG Rui，WANG Meng-ling 2020, 47 (2):  203-206.  Abstract ( 1055 )   PDF (569KB) ( 7837 )   Objective：To analyze the correlation between the results of serologic Down′s screening in the second trimester and the expected age, weight and adverse pregnancy outcome, so as to provide reference for clinical diagnosis and prediction. Methods：Through the maternal and child health information management platform of Henan Province, 554 751 pregnant women in 1 697 hospitals in 18 cities of Henan Province were selected for Down′s screening examination and terminated pregnancy in 2017 and were divided into low-risk group (control group), critical risk group and high-risk group according to the results of Down′s screening. Statistical analysis was made on the expected age, weight and the incidence of miscarriage, premature delivery and small for gestational age infants in different risk groups. Results：①The expected age and weight of pregnant women are correlated with the results of Down′s screening. With the increase of age，the proportion of pregnant women with abnormal risk of 21-trisomy and 18-trisomy also increases. Compared with the control group，the weight of pregnant women in the observation group increased and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05). ②The differences between the incidence of miscarriage, preterm labor and small for gestational age infants in the control group and the observation group of 21-trisomy and 18-trisomy are not statistically significant (P＞0.05). The incidence of abortion, preterm delivery and small for gestational age infant in the high-risk group of neural tube defect (NTD) was higher than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05). Conclusions：In the second trimester, serologic Down′s screening not only can screen aneuploidy chromosome and NTD of fetuses, but also serve as an auxiliary examination to predict adverse pregnancy outcomes, especially for pregnant women with high risk of NTD, and has guiding significance for the prevention of birth defects in pregnant women. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Advances in the Role of Autophagy in the Pathogenesis of Adenomyosis XIE Yun-kai，LIU Wei，BAI Yi-xuan，GUAN Hong-wei，ZOU Yong-hui 2020, 47 (2):  207-211.  Abstract ( 1052 )   PDF (1099KB) ( 7787 )   Adenomyosis is one of the common diseases in women. Its common symptoms, such as dysmenorrhea and excessive menstruation, often have a serious impact on the quality of life. It is usually complicated with anemia or even shock. Adenomyosis is believed to cause adverse pregnancy and infertility. The effect of conservative treatment of adenomyosis is poor and recurrence is easy. Some patients need to receive surgical treatment. The pathogenesis of adenomyosis is still unclear, and it has become a research hotspot in the field of gynecology in recent years. As an important physiological mechanism regulating cell growth and metabolism, autophagy plays an important role in the occurrence and development of many diseases including tumors. In recent years, the role of autophagy in the occurrence, development, and outcome of adenomyosis has attracted increasing attention. This paper summarizes the latest research progress on the role of autophagy in adenomyosis and discusses the potential role of autophagy in the treatment of adenomyosis. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Research Progress on Diagnosis, Treatment and the Relation between Endometrial Cancer and Adenomyosis YANG Hui-juan，YU Ting，HAN Xu 2020, 47 (2):  212-216.  Abstract ( 1264 )   PDF (708KB) ( 7617 )   Adenomyosis is characterized by the presence of endometrial glands and stroma in myometrium. It is a common disease that cause significant symptoms such as hypermenorrhea and progressive dysmenorrhea in reproductive-aged women, and seriously affect patients′ quality of life. The pathogenesis of the disease is not clear. There are many theories such as endometrial injury depression theory, epithelial mesenchymal transformation theory, stem cell theory and so on. Histological examination is the gold standard of diagnosis. The clinical manifestations and imaging findings of patients are often used to make the initial diagnosis. Adenomyosis can lead to infertility and have adverse effect on the whole pregnancy process. Although adenomyosis is a benign disease, more and more reports in recent years have confirmed the risk of malignant transformation. Studies have shown that patients have endometrial cancer with adenomyosis, which protects against cancer invasion and infiltration, tend to have better clinical outcomes. Treatment of adenomyosis includes medication and surgery. Clinical studies have confirmed that there is no radical drugs, and surgery is the main treatment. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Research Progress of Stem Cells and Exosomes Derived from Stem Cells in the Treatment of Premature Ovarian Insufficiency LIU Meng-yu，WU Qing-kai 2020, 47 (2):  217-222.  Abstract ( 1108 )   PDF (978KB) ( 7381 )   Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is an important cause of female infertility，which seriously affects the physical and mental health of POI patients. The pathogenesis of POI was complex, the incidence of POI is increasing each year and tends to increase with advancing age. Hormone replacement therapy was mainly used in clinic，but there was no effectively radical treatment method yet. A variety of stem cells and exosomes had been applied in the treatment of POI and achieved a certain effect. Stem cells include embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells. Embryonic stem cells are restricted in the clinic therapy because of its ethical controversy. Exosomes can be secreted by stem cells and hold similar function as their parental cells by transferring miRNA, lncRNA and cytokines. In this paper，the progress of stem cells and their exosomes in the treatment of POI and the possible mechanism of action were summarized, which could provide a new prospect in this field. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Research Progress on the Relationship between Vaginal Microflora and Cervical Diseases LI Shu-qing，ZHANG Yang-yang，YI Yan-ru，FENG Chun-yang，WU Shu-ying，ZHU He，XU Tian-min 2020, 47 (2):  223-226.  Abstract ( 1164 )   PDF (513KB) ( 7182 )   Cervical diseases include cervical inflammation, cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions and cervical cancer. In recent years, it has been found that vaginal microflora, its cytokines and local immune system are related to the occurrence and development of cervical diseases. The vaginal micro-ecological environment of normal women is composed of a variety of microorganisms, of which lactobacillus play an important role in maintaining vaginal micro-ecological balance. The incidence rate of cervical cancer ranks first in female malignant tumors, and its occurrence is closely related to persistent infection of human papilloma virus. However, not all people infected with human papilloma virus develop into cervical cancer. Cervical cancer is caused by multiple factors. Vaginal diseases caused by changes in lactobacillus interact with human papilloma virus infection, and both participate in the occurrence and progression of cervical diseases. Systematic effective vaginal micro-ecological environment testing is very important for timely regulation of vaginal micro-ecological balance. The relationship between vaginal microflora and cervical diseases has become a research hotspot of many scholars. This article explores the occurrence and development of vaginal microecology and cervical diseases, and provides a theoretical basis for the prevention treatment and prognosis of cervical diseases, especially cervical cancer. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

The Microbiome Study of Vaginal Bacteria in Endometriosis Patients with Infertility CHEN Si-kai，GU Zhi-yue，ZHENG Ping，DAI Yi，LENG Jin-hua，LANG Jing-he 2020, 47 (2):  227-231.  Abstract ( 1141 )   PDF (6855KB) ( 7018 )   Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the microbiome differences in endometriosis (EMs) patients with infertility and to identify the relevant differential bacteria and microbiological biomarkers. Methods: This study was conducted in Chinese Academy of Medical Science Peking Union Medical College Hospital form April 2018 to September 2019, 66 patients with EMs were selected and their final diagnose were obtained by surgical report. They were divided into infertility group (n=17) and control group (n=49). Vaginal posterior fornix was the sampling site. After bacterial 16S-rRNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis, bacteria community diversity algorithm (alpha, beta), PCoA distance matrix algorithm (Bray-Curtis and Unifrac matrix) and biological identification algorithm (LeFSe) were used to analyze the compositional difference of bacteria. Results: There was no significant difference in alpha diversity in the bacterial community between the two groups, while the content of Lactobacillus in the infertile group was slightly decreased in beta diverisity. Three kinds of bacteria showed significant statistical differences, Prevotella, Megasphere and Dialister, which were significantly increased in infertile patients. PCoA showed no significant difference. Proteobacteria at the phylum level and Gammaproteobacteria at the class level are underlying biomarkers. Conclusions: This study revealed that in EMs patients, whether infertility is associated with differences in the bacterial community in the lower reproductive tract, and changes in bacterial abundance may be used to assess differences in host immunity and symptoms in EMs infertility patients. It also played an important role in the study of mechanisms of EMs and the development of microbial diagnostics. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Significance of Stromal Cell-Derived Factor 1, Chemokine Receptor 4 and Lymph Angiogenesis in Endometriosis ZHOU Ya-juan，KAI Hai-li，QIAO Hai-feng，ZHANG Lian-suo，WU Liu-cheng，LIU Ying-lei，LIU Man-hua 2020, 47 (2):  232-235.  Abstract ( 1075 )   PDF (5972KB) ( 7041 )   Objective: To explore the expression and significance of stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1), chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) and D2-40 labeled microlymphatic vessel density (MLVD) in endometriosis (EMs). Methods: 20 patients with ovarian EMs who were treated in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University from November 2017 to May 2018 were selected, and eutopic and ectopic endometrium were taken. 20 patients who underwent hysterectomy or hysteromyomectomy removal during the same period were selected, and their normal endometrium was taken. The expression levels of SDF-1, CXCR4 mRNA and protein and MLVD in different endometrial tissues were compared. The effect of SDF-1 on the migration capacity of ectopic endometriotic cells was verified by cell scratching experiments. Results: ①The expression levels of SDF-1, CXCR4 mRNA and protein and MLVD in ectopic endometrium were higher than those in eutopic and normal endometrium, and those of eutopic endometrium was higher than those of normal endometrium, the differences were statistically significant (all P＜0.05). ②The cell migration rate of the SDF-1 treatment group was higher than that of the DMEM-F12 treatment group, and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05). Conclusions: SDF-1 and CXCR4 may be involved in lymphangiogenesis of EMs and promote lymphatic migration of endometrium, which plays an important role in the occurrence and development of diseases. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Anxiety Status and Related Influencing Factors in Patients with HPV Infection LIU Ting-ting，KONG Wei-min，HU Xiao-di，JIAO Si-meng，JIA Ning-yi，HAN Chao 2020, 47 (2):  236-240.  Abstract ( 1084 )   PDF (673KB) ( 7941 )   Objective: To study the incidence of anxiety and related factors in patients with human papillomavirus（HPV） infection. Methodｓ：Ｆｒom May to July 2019, 300 HPV-positive patients who were admitted to the gynecological oncology clinic of the Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University were selected as subjects. By filling in the general questionnaire and self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), the data were collected to analyze the current situation and related influencing factors of anxiety in patients with HPV infection. Results：Among the 300 patients, the incidence of anxiety was 37.00% (111/300), of which mild anxiety accounted for 70.27% (78/111), moderate anxiety accounted for 20.72% (23/111), and severe anxiety accounted for 9.01% (10/111), and the anxiety score was 45.23±12.05. There was significant difference in anxiety rate and score among patients with HPV infection in different age, education level, occupation, residence, time of HPV infection and family income (P＜0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that short-term non fixed work/non employment (OR=3.037, 95%CI: 1.524-6.049, P=0.002), living in rural (OR=2.198, 95%CI: 1.140-4.237, P=0.019), duration of persistent infection of HPV ≤3 months (OR=5.972, 95%CI: 2.764-12.905, P＜0.001), or ＞1 year (OR=5.571, 95%CI: 2.692-11.529, P＜0.001), and annual household income ≤0.8 million (OR=1.922, 95%CI: 1.038-3.557, P=0.038) were independent factors of anxiety in patients with HPV infection. Conclusions：The incidence and score of anxiety in patients with HPV infection were higher than those in normal healthy people. For short-term non fixed work/non employment, living in rural areas, duration of HPV infection (≤3 months, ＞1 year) and low-income patients, attention should be paid to their psychological status while treating the primary diseases, so as to detect abnormalities as early as possible and actively intervene. References | Related Articles | Metrics