Abstract: Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is an important cause of female infertility，which seriously affects the physical and mental health of POI patients. The pathogenesis of POI was complex, the incidence of POI is increasing each year and tends to increase with advancing age. Hormone replacement therapy was mainly used in clinic，but there was no effectively radical treatment method yet. A variety of stem cells and exosomes had been applied in the treatment of POI and achieved a certain effect. Stem cells include embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells. Embryonic stem cells are restricted in the clinic therapy because of its ethical controversy. Exosomes can be secreted by stem cells and hold similar function as their parental cells by transferring miRNA, lncRNA and cytokines. In this paper，the progress of stem cells and their exosomes in the treatment of POI and the possible mechanism of action were summarized, which could provide a new prospect in this field.

Key words: Primary ovarian insufficiency；, Stem cells；, Mesenchymal stem cell transplantation；, Exosomes