Abstract: Carcinoma of vulval is mainly found in postmenopausal elderly women, accounting for 2%-5% of the female reproductive tract malignant tumors. Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common pathological type of vulvar cancer. At present, the treatment methods of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma mainly include surgical treatment, radiotherapy, chemical treatment and molecular targeted treatment. The early stage of squamous cell carcinoma of vulva is mainly treated by surgery, and the late stage is treated by surgery combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. This paper introduces a 74 year old woman with a history of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma for 15 years. She was clinically cured by surgery in the early stage and treated by radiotherapy and chemotherapy 3 years ago of recurrence. However, she was hospitalized again for vulvar neoplasms one month ago. Pathological examination showed fibrosarcoma of vulva. The patient died in a short period because of the poor effect of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. It is suggest that although the incidence of sarcoma after radiotherapy is low, the prognosis is extremely poor, which  should be paid attention to it.

Key words: Vulvar neoplasms；, Radiotherapy；, Neoplasms, second primary；, Fibrosarcoma；, Case reports