Abstract: Polyploidy is commonly observed in higher plants，animals seldom occur. DNA polyploidy is phenotype of chromosome abnormality，also is the cell canceration characteristic target，and correlated with the malignant tumor exceptionally multiplication. Polyploidy is influnced by a intact spindle assembly checkpoint，abnormole of centrosome and cytokinesis，these cells have high chromosome instability，genetic instability in polyploid cells，are more likely to show genetic changes that lead to change，and eventually the formation of tumors.

Key words: Chromosome aberrations, Neoplasms, Genes, Aneuploidy, Polyploidy