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15 December 2010, Volume 37 Issue 6
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Progress and Prospect of the Genetic Study on Preeclampsia LIN Qi-de;YE Tai-yang 2010, 37 (6):  377-379.  Abstract ( 1720 )   PDF (242KB) ( 4733 )   Genetic factors play important roles in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. The latest advances in the candidate genes and epigenetic research in preeclampsia were overviewed in this article . Meanwhile, the future application of genome-wide association study and epigenetic markers in the genetic etiologies research, diagnosis and treatment of preeclampsia were prospected. Related Articles | Metrics

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Chronic Inflammation With Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome CHEN Zi-jiang;XU Xing-hua 2010, 37 (6):  380-382.  Abstract ( 1850 )   PDF (205KB) ( 4757 )   PCOS is a heterogeneous and complicated disease. Recently，it has been demonstrated that chronic inflammation participates in the pathphysiological progress of PCOS， which is closely related with the initiation and progression of long-term complications of PCOS. The elevated levels of main chronic inflammatory cytokines，including C-reactive protein （CRP）， Interleukins（IL），Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1（PAI-1），Monocyte Chemotactic Factor-1（MCF-1） and Tumor Necrosis Factor（TNF），are associated with insulin resistance and cardiovascular diseases in women with PCOS. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Spectral Karyotyping in Cytogenetics SONG Hua-lei;CHEN Bao-jiang;FANG Qun 2010, 37 (6):  383-386.  Abstract ( 2913 )   PDF (211KB) ( 4662 )   G banding karyotype is a routine technique in cytogenetic work. However， this analysis fails to detect small or complex chromosome aberration. Spectral karyotyping（SKY） is a 24-color，multi-chromosomal painting assay that allows the visualization of all human chromosomes in one experiment. The ability for SKY analysis to detect equivocal or complex chromosomal rearrangements，as well as identify the chromosomal origins of marker chromosomes and other unknown derivative chromosomes structures， makes this a benefit supplementary tool to the standard cytogenetic techniques. Recently，combined with G banding and FISH，SKY has been applied to identifying the complex chromosome aberration and the origin of marker chromosme. SKY is also applied to detecting oocyte aneuploidy.This review aims to summarize the application of SKY in cytogenetics. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Research Between Maternal Serum Markers and Threatened Abortion XIE Xiao-hui;YAO Li-yan 2010, 37 (6):  387-389.  Abstract ( 1665 )   PDF (224KB) ( 4698 )   There are many maternal serum markers investigated in attempts to predict the outcome of pregnancy. The research of maternal serum markers emphasizes on threatened abortion in recent years， such as human chorionic gonadotrophin（hCG）， progestogen， estrogen， CA125， inhibin A，activin A， pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A， cytokine， and so on. Those maternal serum markers could be useful in guiding treatment and evaluating the effectiveness of therapy and predicting adverse pregnancy outcome in women of threatened miscarriage. It can avoid blind tocolyis and resulting in missed abortion. Meanwhile， it also can avoid the waste of medical resource. Thus there is very great clinic significance in diagnosis and therapy for threatened abortion. Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances About Vascular Injury Factors in the Pathogenesis of Preeclampsia LU Lin;HU Ji-fen 2010, 37 (6):  390-393.  Abstract ( 1605 )   PDF (200KB) ( 4748 )   Pre-eclampsia is a leading cause of death of the pregnant women and the perinatal fetus，but the cause has not been clear. Present study suggests that endothelial cell injury，angiogenesis inhibition and vascular inflammation are very important in the pathogenesis. The release of some factors of placenta and blood vessel-derived circulating factors，including VEGF， sFlt-1， AT1-AA ，TNF-a， IL-1， IL-6， PTX3 can cause vascular endothelial extensive damage and systemic inflammatory response by various means. Vasomotor factor imbalance， the decreasing expression of vascular relaxing factor such as NO、prostacyclin、adrenomedullin and the increasing expression of vascular contraction factor such as angiotensin Ⅱ、endothelin can also lead to vascular dysfunction. Some of these markers also serve as a predictor of preeclampsia incidence. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Development of Therapy of GDM MI Nian-rong;MENG Chao;WANG Shu-fang 2010, 37 (6):  394-396.  Abstract ( 2656 )   PDF (205KB) ( 4801 )   Gestational diabetes mellitus（GDM） is a common perinatal complication， belongs to high-risk pregnancy，which is harmful to mother and fetus. The pathogenesis of GDM is associated with insulin resistance（IR） and dysfunction of beta cells. Good glycemic control should be highly addressed to reduce the metabolic abnormalities and perinatal complication. A rapid-acting human insulin analogue is also safe and effective compared with regular human insulin. Oral antidiabetic drug has became the lastest research hotspot. This review will examine the development of therapy of GDM. Related Articles | Metrics

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Ovarian Tumor During Pregnancy：an Update Review of the Literature LI Jing;LIN Zhong-qiu 2010, 37 (6):  397-400.  Abstract ( 1744 )   PDF (241KB) ( 4853 )   Pregnancy complicating ovarian neoplasm is rare and consequently， management strategies remain unclear due to the low incidence and paucity of reported data. It poses a special challenge to medical teams because ovarian neoplasm or its treatment may affect not only the pregnant women but directly involve the fetus. MRI plays an important role in differentiate diagnosis of ovarian tumors. Chemotherapy and laproscopic surgery in pregnancy also give an new treatment idea of ovarian neoplasms. In this article，we critically review available data and present the current diagnosis and treatment strategies for ovarian neoplasm during pregnancy. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Diagnosis and Treatment Progress of Endometriosis in the Fundament Research ZOU Jie;LI Ya-li 2010, 37 (6):  405-408.  Abstract ( 1727 )   PDF (289KB) ( 4815 )   Endometriosis is an common disease of reproductive age women. The fundament research of endometriosis is more extensive and deep in recent years，screening the specificity virulence gene of EMs，studying the proteome and pain mechanism of EMs， provided the new biological parameter and pathway for the EMs diagnosis. The study of stem cell of EMs，the application of gene therapy， the antiangiogenesis and new type hormone suppressant on EMs，broad the new way for the therapy of EMs. All these facilitate the renovation of clinical diagnosis and reform of treatment in Endometriosis. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Present Status of Mini-traumatic Operations of Uterine Fibroids LI Lan-lan;LIN Zhong-qiu 2010, 37 (6):  409-411.  Abstract ( 1619 )   PDF (229KB) ( 4944 )   Uterine myoma is the most common benign tumor in women. The classic options for the treatment includes：expectant management，medical treatment and laparectomy. The development of medicine and the advancement of related technology have brought these patients a new option：mini-traumatic surgery . The new way is as effective and safe as those classic ways， furthermore it has less postoperative pain，shorter hospital stay，rapid recovery，which has made it very attractive. According to the mechnism，mini-traumatic surgery is divided into two groups： myomectomy- laparoscopic myomectomy，hysteroscopic myomectomy，and transvaginal myomectomy；and reduction or ablation of myoma-uterine fibroid embolization，ablation and injecting special medicine into the leiomyoma nodule. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Action of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome DING Tao;MA Hong-xia 2010, 37 (6):  412-415.  Abstract ( 1821 )   PDF (220KB) ( 4775 )   Polycystic ovary syndrome （PCOS） is a common disease among reproductive-aged women. The etiology and pathogenesis of PCOS is complex，although a lot of hypothesis have been proposed，the exact mechanism is still unclear. Recent of studies have suggested that the tumor necrosis factor-α involved in insulin resistance， hyperandrogenism， obesity，ovulation failure and corpus luteum insufficiency of PCOS. This review briefly introduced the tumor necrosis factor-α′s action in the metabolic disorder and the effect of ovarian function in PCOS. Related Articles | Metrics

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CYP11A and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome DING Hao;WANG Yong 2010, 37 (6):  416-419.  Abstract ( 1947 )   PDF (246KB) ( 4791 )   CYP11A encoding cholesterol side-chain-cleavage-enzyme P450scc is the key to the synthesis of steroid hormones initial and rate-limiting enzyme，which exits in almost all animals and plants. CYP11A is regulated by hormone levels and self-regulation of the promoter region of certain structures. The certain part of a pentanucleotide repeat（TTTTA）n in its promoter may be related to transcriptional activity and gene expression. Polycystic ovary syndrome（PCOS） is a very common female reproductive endocrine disease，hyperandrogenism is the main feature of PCOS. CYP11A is one of the important genetic susceptibilities. Its role in the pathogenesis of PCOS is still controversial， whicn has not been fully clarified and is worth further study. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress of Polyploidy and Cancer WANG Yan;YUAN Bi-bo;YUE Tian-fu 2010, 37 (6):  420-422.  Abstract ( 2130 )   PDF (222KB) ( 4737 )   Polyploidy is commonly observed in higher plants，animals seldom occur. DNA polyploidy is phenotype of chromosome abnormality，also is the cell canceration characteristic target，and correlated with the malignant tumor exceptionally multiplication. Polyploidy is influnced by a intact spindle assembly checkpoint，abnormole of centrosome and cytokinesis，these cells have high chromosome instability，genetic instability in polyploid cells，are more likely to show genetic changes that lead to change，and eventually the formation of tumors. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Relationship Between ARHI and Gynecological Malignancy YANG Hai-yan;WAN Xiao-yun 2010, 37 (6):  423-426.  Abstract ( 1637 )   PDF (267KB) ( 4774 )   Autophagy is a biology process that recycle the macromolecular substances and maintain cell stability by self digestion. The change of autophagic activity, autophagic cell death are related to genesis and development of malignancy. ARHI, one of the autophagy related gene, may play a part in the occurrence and progress of tumor through regulating autophagic capacity. The key kinase in signaling pathways that ARHI regulates autophagic capacity may provide new drug targets for cancer treatment. This review summarized the present studies of ARHI, autophagy and their correlation with the occurrence and development of tumor. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of PET and PET/CT in Cervical Cancer CHENG Yu;LU Xin 2010, 37 (6):  427-429.  Abstract ( 1822 )   PDF (185KB) ( 4783 )   Cervical cancer is one of the most common malignancies in women. PET and PET/CT offer the combined anatomic and functional imaging， have high specificity for detecting tumor or metastasis lesions，and have been used to localize areas of standard fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose（FDG） uptake value（SUV） and help to assess the metastatic potential without impact of anatomic change after surgery. Therefore， PET and PET/CT have more advantages than traditional radiologic examinations in detecting lymph node and distant metastasis in patients with cervical cancer and are useful to identify recurrent cervical cancer， evaluate the prognosis and make the treatment plan. However， a larger prospective study is still needed to confirm the effectiveness of SUV in clinical practice and whether PET and PET/CT can take the place of other imaging methods and clinical staging procedures. Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress of Laparoscopic Radical Hysterectomy in the Treatment of Cervical Cancer YAN Xiao-jian;LI Guang-yi;ZHENG Fei-yun 2010, 37 (6):  430-435.  Abstract ( 1694 )   PDF (294KB) ( 4778 )   With the improvement in laparoscopic equipment and surgical technology, and public acceptance of laparoscopic minimally invasive surgery, laparoscopic radical hysterectomy （LRH） and pelvic lymphadencetomy has become a new surgical approach of early cervical cancer. Several teams throughout the world have recently reported promising results of nearly two thousands cases in the treatment of cervical cancer with LRH. It is also the truth that the currently existing recurrence and survival data are still immature to draw safe conclusions on its long-term oncological safety. We review the research status and advance in laparoscopic surgery of cervical cancer. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Chemotherapy of Endometrial Carcinoma SHEN Xiao-yan;XIANG Yang 2010, 37 (6):  436-439.  Abstract ( 2006 )   PDF (247KB) ( 4911 )   Chemotherapy are the main treatment for advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer. The role of chemotherapy in the high-risk patient is currently the focus of the researchers. Among the current Gynaecologic Oncology Group（GOG） trials in endometrial cancer treatment，GOG209 comparing carboplatin and paclitaxel （TcP） with the triplet of doxorubicin，paclitaxel and cisplatin（TAP） is the most anticipated study and may be challenge the current standard regimen of TAP. Radiation plus chemotherapy significantly improved overall survival（OS） and progression-free survival（PFS） for patients with early endometrial cancer at high risk for micrometastases. Chemotherapy， interval radiation and further chemotherapy（CRC） may be the most favorable sequence given in the improved overall survival in patients with endometrial cancer. The toxicity of cytotoxic agents should not be ignored. The sequential doublet therapy with carboplatin/paclitaxel and carboplatin/doxorubicin are strategies that may be considered to reduce drug toxicity. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Molecular Mechanism of db/db Mice Reproduction Disorder ZHANG Yue-hui;HU Min;WU Xiao-ke;HOU Li-hui 2010, 37 (6):  440-443.  Abstract ( 2952 )   PDF (245KB) ( 4901 )   Objective：To search the etiopathogenisis of db/db mice reproductive failure， which is supposed to be involved in the interaction of leptin and reproduction. Methods：Adult， female C57BL/6J mice were used in these studies. Littermate wide types（LR+），as well as diabetic （db/db）mutant genotypes（LR-），were matched for the allograft of the ovary. Different genotypic mice were constructed with body LR-，ovary LR+ in Group KO，as well as body LR+， ovary LR+ in Group WT，respectively（n=7）. The stage of cyclicity was determined by microscopic analysis of the predominant cell type in vaginal smears obtained daily，starting 2 weeks after transplantation，during two cycles. Mice in diestrus were decapitated. Blood was collected and centrifuged，and serum was stored for analysis of sex hormone and lipid profile. The ovaries were used to detect the levels of STAR，CYP 17，CYP 19，OB-RB，JAK 2，STAT 3，PIAS 3 and SOCS 3 mRNA. Results：Our results show that the mice displayed absent cycles in KO group，and the mice had normal cycles in WT group. The levels of E2，FSH，GLU，INS，CHO，LDL-C，body weight， fat weight and ovary weight as well as uterus weight were significant different in two groups. The ovarian mRNA expression of the STAR，CYP17 and CYP19 were lower in the KO group than in the WT group，but the expression of the OB-RB， STAT 3，PIAS 3，SOCS 3 mRNA were higher in the KO group than in the WT group. Conclusion：There were abnormal endocrine state in db/db mice（hyperglycaemia， hyperlipemia and lower gonadotropic hormone levels）. The abnormal state can down regulation the mRNA expression of the ovarian steroid synthetase and result the hyop-ovarianism. Ovary is not essential to whole glycometabolism and lipid metabolism. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Application of hTERC Gene Amplification in Diagnosis and Treatment of Cervical Lesions LI Yi-bing;WULAN Na;LIU Shuang-yan;LIU Zhi-hong;LI Juan;WANG Chun;ZHOU Yan-qiu;WEI Li-hui;WU Rui-fang 2010, 37 (6):  444-447.  Abstract ( 2701 )   PDF (403KB) ( 4852 )   Objective：To investigate the amplification of hTERC gene in the cervical exfoliated cells，explore its value in diagnosis and treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia（CIN）. Methods：724 women were examined with liquid-based cytology, high-risk human papillomavirus（HR-HPV） testing using hybrid capture Ⅱ（HC-Ⅱ） and hTERC gene detection using fluorescence in situ hybridization（FISH） in Peking University Shenzhen Hospital. The patients with ASCUS and above lesion and/or positive HR-HPV results were examined by colposcopy，multiple biopsies of cervical quadrant and pathology. Results：The frequency of CIN Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ，cervical cancer were 251（34.67%），17（2.35%），48（6.63%）and 10（1.38%） respectively in 724 patients， the rates of hTERC gene amplification was 11.05%. There was significant difference of hTERC amplification among the samples with different cytological and histological lesions and the HPV infection（P <0.01）. ①The positive rate of HPV infection in 724 patients was 39.64%；The positive rates of hTERC gene amplification were 19.86% in HPV positive and 5.26% in HPV negative （χ2=37.556，P ＜0.01）. ②In cytology，the rates of hTERC gene amplification were NILM（5.19%），ASCUS （10.23%），LSIL（11.84%），ASC-H（21.43%），HSIL （73.17%）， SCCA （100.00%），AGC（50.00%）；There was a marked increase of hTERC amplification in patients with HSIL and above lesion （χ2=186.755，P ＜0.01）. ③In histology，the rates of hTERC gene amplification were respectively normal（3.70%），CINⅠ（4.38%），CINⅡ（47.06%），CINⅢ（58.33%），invasive carcinoma（90.00%）. There was a marked increase of hTERC amplification in patients with CINⅡand above lesion（χ2=144.597，P ＜0.01）. Conclusion：There was a tight correlation between amplification of hTERC and the histological and cytological lesion. hTERC amplified or not may be as a prognostic indicator to judge whether high grade lesion or not. Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical Analysis of 698 Cases of Oligohydramnios Qian Li-na 2010, 37 (6):  448-449.  Abstract ( 1730 )   PDF (170KB) ( 4796 )   Objective：To discuss the relationship between oligohydramnios and pregnancy complications and the effect to neonate，in order to find the exact ways of treatment and reduce the mortality of perinatal infant. Methods：Retrospective research method was adopted to analyze and discuss 698 cases with oligohydramnios and 13 642 cases with normal amniotic fluid，over a period from May，2006 to december，2009. Clinical data such as cause， pregnancy complications，obstetric manner and end-results were compared between the two groups. Results：Occurrence rate of oligohydramnios was 12.11% in postterm pregnancy. The occurrence rate of the patients with oligohydramnis postterm pregnancy， preeclampsia，fetal growth restriction，fetal abnormality，fetal death，fetal distress，asphyxia neonate and cord around neck were higher apparently than control group general crowd . The asphyxia occurrence rate of vaginal delivery were higher than caesarean birth（P <0.01）. Conclusion：Oligohydramnios is a kind of pregnancy complications，and can severely effect the prognosis of neonate. Once oligohydramnios diagnosed，if the prenatal synthetical monitoring is all right，we can try to vaginal delivery，monitor fetal heart rate rigorously but the indications of cesarean section delivery should be loosened appropriately，in order to reduce neonatal asphyxia. Related Articles | Metrics