Abstract: Objective：To discuss the relationship between oligohydramnios and pregnancy complications and the effect to neonate，in order to find the exact ways of treatment and reduce the mortality of perinatal infant. Methods：Retrospective research method was adopted to analyze and discuss 698 cases with oligohydramnios and 13 642 cases with normal amniotic fluid，over a period from May，2006 to december，2009. Clinical data such as cause， pregnancy complications，obstetric manner and end-results were compared between the two groups. Results：Occurrence rate of oligohydramnios was 12.11% in postterm pregnancy. The occurrence rate of the patients with oligohydramnis postterm pregnancy， preeclampsia，fetal growth restriction，fetal abnormality，fetal death，fetal distress，asphyxia neonate and cord around neck were higher apparently than control group general crowd . The asphyxia occurrence rate of vaginal delivery were higher than caesarean birth（P <0.01）. Conclusion：Oligohydramnios is a kind of pregnancy complications，and can severely effect the prognosis of neonate. Once oligohydramnios diagnosed，if the prenatal synthetical monitoring is all right，we can try to vaginal delivery，monitor fetal heart rate rigorously but the indications of cesarean section delivery should be loosened appropriately，in order to reduce neonatal asphyxia.

Key words: Oligohydramnios, Pregnancy complications, Asphyxia neonatorum, Obstetric labor complications