Abstract:

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), as a complex endocrine and metabolic disorder, has a relatively high incidence among women of reproductive age, significantly affecting the reproductive health and quality of life. Traditional treatment regimens are only limited to symptom improvement and cannot reverse the pathological process of PCOS. Therefore, it is difficult to completely cure the disease and effectively prevent long-term complications. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (hUC-MSC) and its derived extracellular vesicles have unique immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, tissue repair capabilities, and are expected to become a new treatment method for PCOS. Studies have shown that hUC-MSC transplantation and its derived cell-free therapy have positive effects on regulating the immune microenvironment, improving oocyte quality, and alleviating PCOS-related pathological changes through multiple mechanisms, such as regulating the inflammatory response and inflammatory signal transduction, inhibiting programmed cell death of ovarian granulosa cells, and maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis. Furthermore, these also show potential clinical value in improving the reproductive outcomes of PCOS patients and preventing long-term complications, providing a theoretical basis for further in-depth research on the mechanism of action of hUC-MSC and its clinical translation.

Key words: Polycystic ovary syndrome, Stem cell transplantation, Extracellular vesicles, Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell, Cell-free therapy, Mechanism