Abstract: Cervical cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths for women globally worldwide. Persistent infection of high risk human papillomavirus（HR-HPV） is the main etiological factor for cervical cancer development. The changes of body immune system status especially microenvironment in situ is capable of mounting efficient immune responses against tumor antigens, so that most of the infected women can eliminate the virus and cervical precursor lesions displaying a central role in tumor progression. It is possible that vaginal microflora，vaginal mucosal defense system，immune cells and cytokines have been modulated in the cervical microenvironment. Any abnormality in the process will result in changing HPV natural history in the development of cervical intraepithelial neoplasias（CIN） and cervical cancer. The mechanism of cervical microenvironment immune dysfunction increased the risk of cervical cancer has not yet clearly known，and remains to be deeply investigated.

Key words: Vagina, Uterine cervical neoplasms, T-lymphocytes, helper-inducer