Abstract: Ovarian cancer is one of the most common femal reproductive malignancies. It holds high mortality because the etiology is unclear， most patients are diagnosed at advanced stages and advanced treatment effect is poor. Ovarian cancer and other malignant tumors are the same， although the exact reason of disease is not at all clear， many risk factors of ovarian cancer have been found by a large number of epidemiological studies. So studying these risk factors， closely observing，further researching and analysising high risk group who have precursor lesions of ovarian cancer， and taking some feasible prevention measures to block malignant behavior of precursor lesions of ovarian cancer. It has great clinical significance in early diagnosis and prevention of ovarian cancer. In recent years，many scholars at home and abroad commit in screening and prevention of risk factors of ovarian cancer，and they have made sure achievements.

Key words: Ovarian neoplasms, Risk factors, Dualistic model, Carcinoma