胎儿生长受限对胎儿脑神经发育的影响

doi:10.12280/gjfckx.20211018

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

胎儿生长受限（fetal growth restriction,FGR）可引起胎儿及新生儿近远期发育异常和成年期的严重神经系统疾病,因此FGR对胎儿及新生儿脑神经发育的影响已成为近年来的研究热点。人类研究和动物实验结果显示,FGR的发病时间、FGR的严重程度和分娩时孕周与胎儿脑神经发育密切相关。大脑中动脉多普勒超声、脑-胎盘率可评估FGR胎儿脑血流动力学,相位对比磁共振成像可监测胎儿脑血流及脑结构。早发型和晚发型FGR对子代脑神经发育的影响不同,FGR还可导致胎儿脑结构和功能异常,脑室内出血发生率增加。综述FGR对胎儿脑神经发育影响的研究进展,以期加强临床对FGR胎儿的管理,改善其近远期结局。

关键词: 胎儿生长迟缓, 胎儿发育, 神经发育障碍, 脑, 胎儿, 儿童

Abstract:

Fetal growth restriction (FGR) can cause short-term and long-term developmental abnormalities in fetuses and neonates and severe neurological diseases in adulthood. Therefore, the impact of FGR on fetal and neonatal brain neurodevelopment has become a research hotspot in recent years. Human and experimental animal studies have shown that the onset time of FGR, the severity of FGR, and the gestational age at delivery are closely related to fetal brain neurodevelopment. Middle cerebral artery Doppler ultrasonography and cerebroplacental ratio can evaluate fetal cerebral hemodynamics in FGR, and phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging can monitor fetal cerebral blood flow and brain structure. Early-onset and late-onset FGR have different effects on the brain neurodevelopment of the offspring. FGR can also lead to abnormal fetal brain structure and function, and increase the incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage. In this article, we reviewed the research progress of the effects of FGR on fetal brain neurodevelopment, in order to strengthen the clinical management of FGR fetuses and improve its short-term and long-term outcomes.

Key words: Fetal growth retardation, Fetal development, Neurodevelopmental disorders, Brain, Fetus, Child

杨俊娟, 张龑. 胎儿生长受限对胎儿脑神经发育的影响[J]. 国际妇产科学杂志, 2022, 49(5): 570-573.

YANG Jun-juan, ZHANG Yan. Effects of Fetal Growth Restriction on Fetal Brain Neurodevelopment[J]. Journal of International Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2022, 49(5): 570-573.

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