B族维生素稳态与妊娠期糖尿病的相关性

doi:10.12280/gjfckx.20251470

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

B族维生素稳态对胎儿正常发育和孕妇健康至关重要。研究发现合理补充B族维生素有助于妊娠期糖尿病（gestational diabetes mellitus，GDM）的预防和管理。GDM是妊娠期最常见的代谢性疾病之一，会对患者及其后代健康造成短期或长期的不良影响。通过系统回顾国内外相关研究，探讨B族维生素与GDM的关联，旨在为临床科学补充B族维生素提供依据。叶酸（维生素B₉）是一碳代谢必需的微量营养素，近年研究发现血清或红细胞叶酸水平与GDM发病风险呈正相关，叶酸补充剂摄入量高于推荐水平时GDM发病风险显著增加。维生素B₁₂和叶酸密切相关，二者比例失衡也可能是GDM发病的危险因素。维生素B₁、B₂、B₃和B₆作为能量代谢的关键辅酶或调控因子，其摄入水平与GDM发病风险同样呈现不同程度的关联。妊娠期B族维生素营养状况的失衡可能增加GDM的发病风险，提示妊娠期应注意相应微量营养素的适宜补充剂量，以保障母婴健康。

关键词: 复合维生素B, 糖尿病，妊娠, 胰岛素抵抗, 葡萄糖代谢障碍, B族维生素稳态

Abstract:

The homeostasis of B-vitamin is crucial for normal fetal development and maternal health. Studies have found that appropriate supplementation of B-vitamin may contribute to the prevention and management of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). GDM is one of the most common metabolic diseases during pregnancy and can exert short-term or long-term adverse effects on the health of both the patient and her offspring. Through a systematic review of relevant domestic and international research, this article explores the association between B-vitamin and GDM, aiming to provide evidence for the scientific supplementation of B-vitamin in clinical practice. Folate (vitamin B₉) is an essential micronutrient for one-carbon metabolism. Recent studies have found that serum or erythrocyte folate levels are positively correlated with the risk of GDM, and the risk of developing GDM increases significantly when folate supplement intake exceeds recommended levels. Vitamin B₁₂ is closely related to folate, and an imbalance in their ratio may also be a risk factor of GDM. Vitamins B₁, B₂, B₃, and B₆, as key coenzymes or regulators of energy metabolism, also exhibit varying degrees of association between their intake levels and the risk of GDM. An imbalance in B-vitamin nutritional status during pregnancy may increase the risk of GDM, suggesting that appropriate doses of these micronutrients should be supplemented during pregnancy to safeguard maternal and child health.

Key words: Vitamin B complex, Diabetes, gestational, Insulin resistance, Glucose metabolism disorders, B-vitamin homeostasis

沈成璐, 胡文胜. B族维生素稳态与妊娠期糖尿病的相关性[J]. 国际妇产科学杂志, 2026, 53(2): 153-158.

SHEN Cheng-lu, HU Wen-sheng. Association between B-Vitamin Homeostasis and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus[J]. Journal of International Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2026, 53(2): 153-158.

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