国际妇产科学杂志 ›› 2022, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (2): 141-146.doi: 10.12280/gjfckx.202100805

• 产科生理及产科疾病:论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

126例孕产妇静脉血栓栓塞症危险因素分析

张凌, 段涛()   

  1. 200092 上海,同济大学附属第一妇婴保健院上海市母胎医学重点实验室
  • 收稿日期:2021-08-25 出版日期:2022-04-15 发布日期:2022-05-09
  • 通讯作者: 段涛 E-mail:tduan@yahoo.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2018YFC1002900)

Risk Factors Analysis of 126 Venous Thromboembolism Obstetric Cases

ZHANG Ling, DUAN Tao()   

  1. Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
  • Received:2021-08-25 Published:2022-04-15 Online:2022-05-09
  • Contact: DUAN Tao E-mail:tduan@yahoo.com

摘要:

目的: 分析妊娠相关静脉血栓栓塞症(venous thromboembolism,VTE)的发病特点及危险因素。方法: 收集同济大学附属第一妇婴保健院(我院)产科2019年1月—2021年3月诊断为VTE的孕产妇临床资料共126例,回顾性分析其发病特点和危险因素。结果: 126例妊娠期及产褥期VTE患者,6.35%(8/126)发生在妊娠期,93.65%(118/126)发生在产褥期,集中发生在产后7 d内(94.92%,112/118)。VTE的发病部位主要在肺血管(73.02%,92/126),其次是下肢静脉(16.67%,21/126)。VTE孕产妇的临床表现以无症状(88.89%,112/126)最多见,其次为下肢酸胀(6.35%,8/126)。VTE发生的危险因素中,剖宫产术最常见(74.60%,94/126),其余占比>10%的危险因素依次是高龄(24.60%,31/126)、早产(15.08%,19/126)、辅助生殖受孕(14.29%,18/126)及产后出血或输血(10.32%,13/126)。英国皇家妇产科医师协会(Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists,RCOG)妊娠期及产褥期VTE危险因素评分≤3分的VTE孕产妇占比84.13%(106/126)。结论: 我院产科VTE主要发生在产褥期,产后1周是发病风险最高的时期,发病特点以无症状肺栓塞最常见。孕产妇应尽早进行VTE动态风险评估,积极预防、早期诊治VTE。

关键词: 孕妇, 产后期, 静脉血栓栓塞, 肺栓塞, 危险因素, 无症状肺栓塞, D-二聚体

Abstract:

Objective: To analysis the characteristics and risk factors of pregnancy related venous thromboembolism (VTE). Methods: The clinical data of 126 maternal diagnosed with VTE in Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital from January 2019 to March 2021 were collected, the characteristics and risk factors of the cases were analyzed retrospectively. Results: Of the 126 VTE patients, 6.35%(8/126) occurred during gestation and 93.65%(118/126) occurred during puerperium, mainly within 7 days after delivery (94.92 %, 112/118). The location of VTE during pregnancy and puerperium was mainly in pulmonary vessels (73.02%, 92/126), followed by lower limb veins (16.67%, 21/126). The most common clinical manifestation of VTE was asymptomatic (88.89%, 112/126), followed by lower limb swelling (6.35%, 8/126). Among the risk factors of VTE, the highest proportion was cesarean section (74.60%, 94/126), followed by maternal advanced age (24.60%, 31/126), preterm birth (15.08%, 19/126), assisted reproductive technology conception (14.29%, 18/126), postpartum hemorrhage or blood transfusion (10.32%, 13/126), other risk factors accounted for less than 10%. The proportion of VTE patients with Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG) risk factor score ≤3 was 84.13%(106/126). Conclusions: Obstetric VTE in our hospital mainly occurred during puerperium, and the highest risk period was one week after delivery. Asymptomatic pulmonary embolism was the most common characteristic. Risk factors assessment should be carried out for all pregnant women continuously, active prevention and early diagnosis and treatment should be carried out.

Key words: Pregnant women, Postpartum period, Venous thromboembolism, Pulmonary embolism, Risk factors, Asymptomatic pulmonary embolism, D-dimer