关键词: 外泌体；, 卵巢肿瘤；, 微RNAs；, 生物标记, 肿瘤；, 诊断；, 肿瘤分期

Abstract: Exosomes are extracellular vesicles 30 to 100 nm in diameter that are secreted by most cells. Exosomes are communication tools containing different types of information carriers such as DNA, microRNAs (miRNA), long non-coding RNAs(lncRNA) and proteins. It′s widely found in blood, breast milk, urine, pleural fluid, ascites, cerebrospinal fluid and other body fluids. Studies have shown that exosomes have the potential function of mediating intercellular communication and can activate a variety of signaling pathways, which is also reflected in the occurrence of tumors. Moreover, the content of exosomes is significantly higher in tumor tissues than normal tissues. Ovarian cancer, especially the epithelial ovarian cancer, is mostly diagnosed of late stage (FIGO stage Ⅲ or Ⅳ) because of the lack of early diagnostic markers. It is also easy to produce drug resistance to chemotherapy. The five-year survival rate is greatly reduced because of these reasons. In this review, we summarize the relevant papers about the exosome reserches on the diagnosis of ovarian cancer including the miRNA and protein to provide ideas for further searching biomarkers for the early diagnosis of ovarian cancer.

Key words: Exosomes；, Ovarian neoplasms；, MicroRNAs；, Biomarkers, tumor；, Diagnosis；, Neoplasm staging