胚胎发育与多囊卵巢综合征疾病起源的研究进展

doi:10.12280/gjfckx.20220695

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

多囊卵巢综合征（polycystic ovary syndrome，PCOS）是女性常见的内分泌疾病，与代谢紊乱、排卵障碍等临床表现密切相关，其发病机制仍未明确。越来越多的研究认为胚胎发育时期是PCOS疾病起源的关键阶段。众多PCOS遗传基因具有参与激素合成、调节糖脂代谢途径等功能，不同妊娠时期基因的表达模式和表观遗传调控可能也与胎儿卵巢发育相关。母体妊娠期激素水平改变、暴露于环境内分泌干扰物、不健康的生活方式和代谢紊乱，可能通过干扰下丘脑-垂体-卵巢轴和改变相关基因表达水平，诱导子代出现高雄激素血症、胰岛素抵抗等内分泌紊乱特征与卵泡发育障碍等，增加PCOS患病风险。综述PCOS易感基因及表观遗传调控方式，探索宫内环境改变诱导胚胎发育重编程的机制，为今后研究PCOS的发病机制与临床诊疗提供新视角。

关键词: 多囊卵巢综合征, 胚胎发育, 疾病遗传易感性, 内分泌干扰物, 生活方式

Abstract:

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder in women, closely related to clinical manifestations such as metabolic disorders and ovulation disorders, the pathogenesis of which remains unclear. A growing number of researches have proposed that the embryonic developmental period is a critical stage in the origin of PCOS disease. Numerous genetic genes for PCOS have functions involved in hormone synthesis as well as regulation of the glucose and lipid metabolic pathways. The expression patterns and epigenetic regulation of genes during different gestational periods may also be relevant to fetal ovarian development. Altered maternal hormone status, exposure to environmental endocrine disruptors, unhealthy lifestyle and metabolic disorders during pregnancy may increase the risk of PCOS by interfering with the function of the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary axis and varying the expression levels of genes, inducing endocrine disorders such as hyperandrogenemia, insulin resistance and disturbances in follicular development in the offspring. This article reviews the susceptibility genes and epigenetic regulation of PCOS, and to explore the mechanism of intrauterine environmental alterations inducing reprogramming of embryonic development, which will provide new perspectives for future studies on the pathogenesis and clinical treatment of PCOS.

Key words: Polycystic ovary syndrome, Embryonic development, Genetic predisposition to disease, Endocrine disruptors, Life style

毛晶霞, 潘永超, 吴瑞瑾. 胚胎发育与多囊卵巢综合征疾病起源的研究进展[J]. 国际妇产科学杂志, 2023, 50(2): 132-137.

MAO Jing-xia, PAN Yong-chao, WU Rui-jin. Research Progress of Embryonic Development and the Origin of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome[J]. Journal of International Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2023, 50(2): 132-137.

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