Abstract:

Endometriosis (EMs) is one of the common benign diseases in women of childbearing age, and its incidence is increasing year by year. EMs refers to the presence of endometrial tissue outside the normal endometrium, mostly involving pelvic organs and parietal peritoneum, such as the ovary and sacral ligament. The pathogenesis of EMs has not been completely clarified. Currently, the widely accepted theories include the hypothesis of menstrual reflux, coelomic epithelium metaplasia, iatrogenic implantation, lymphatic metastasis and hematogenous dissemination. Diagnosis depends on clinical findings, imaging and pathological outcomes. Management of this disease includes drug treatment and surgery. Extra-pelvic endometriosis is a rare EMs that occurs in areas outside the pelvic cavity, such as the abdominal wall, thorax and perineum. Due to its rare occurrence and atypical clinical symptoms, the diagnosis is often difficult and misdiagnosis often occurs. In order to improve the diagnosis and treatment of extra-pelvic endometriosis, it is necessary to achieve early detection, timely diagnosis and standardized treatment to optimize the prognosis of patients.

Key words: Endometriosis, Diagnosis, Therapy, Prognosis, Abdominal endometriosis, Thoracic endometriosis