Abstract:

Fetal intracranial hemorrhage (FICH) is a rare clinical event of brain injury, mostly occurring in the middle and late stages of pregnancy. Because of the particularity of fetal brain structure, its pathogenesis may be related to the development of germinal layer, coagulation function and the autoregulation function of fetal intracranial vessels. FICH is often discovered by chance during routine pregnancy examinations, with atypical clinical manifestations and some patients progressing rapidly. There is no gold standard for FICH diagnosis, and the imaging manifestations are complex and varied. The diagnosis mainly relies on prenatal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging to assist, which needs to be distinguished from fetal intracranial tumors, Galen′s venous tumors, arachnoid cysts, and intracranial calcification. Depending on the location and extent of the hemorrhage, it can lead to varying degrees of neurological dysfunction and even death, with significant differences in prognosis. Summarize the research progress of FICH, aiming to deepen the understanding of the disease among clinical doctors, effectively improve clinical diagnosis and treatment capabilities, and reduce the birth rate of children with severe neurological sequelae while reducing the number of blindly induced abortions.

Key words: Fetus, Intracranial hemorrhages, Risk factors, Magnetic resonance imaging, Ultrasonography, prenatal, Prenatal diagnosis, Lateral ventricles