Abstract: Transvaginal hysterectomy (TVH) has the advantages of small trauma, little bleeding, no scar on the abdomen, quicker recovery, shorter hospitalization time, fewer complications and lower costs. "Under the same conditions, transvaginal route should be the first option for hysterectomy" is a consensus reached by gynecological experts all over the world. Although there is solid evidence to support vaginal access, abdominal total hysterectomy still accounts for a large proportion of domestic and foreign hospitals. The main reasons for the widespread development of TVH are the experience of the surgeon and the level of the vaginal operation. The biggest obstacle is the unfamiliarity of the anatomical plane. The concern of bleeding and urinary bladder damage, combined with the operation of TVH vision and high technical requirements of operation, hindered the development of vaginal surgery. Therefore, this article reviews the anatomical knowledge involved in TVH, which aims to provide the application of anatomical basis for transvaginal operation, and to provide useful data for better vaginal surgery.

Key words: Hysterectomy, vaginal, Anatomy, regional, Cardinal ligament, Uterosacral-ligament