Table of Content

15 August 2018, Volume 45 Issue 4
Previous Issue    Next Issue

---

For Selected:

Download Citations EndNote Ris BibTeX

Toggle Thumbnails

Select

Research Progress on Placenta Accreta Related Factors GU Sheng-yi，JIN Min-fei，HUA Xiao-lin 2018, 45 (4):  365-369.  Abstract ( 1005 )   PDF (855KB) ( 7072 )   Placenta accreta is one of the most serious complication of obstetrics, which can lead to serious complications such as severe bleeding, shock, uterine perforation and secondary infection in pregnant women, and endanger the life of mother and child. The incidence is increasing year by year due to the increase of uterine cavity operation and the increase of reproductive age. At present, the prenatal diagnosis of placental accreta is mainly based on the results of imaging. Although it has high sensitivity, there are still some defects in specificity. To improve the prenatal diagnosis of placenta accreta, more and more scholars at home and abroad have focused on the mechanism of placental implantation in recent years. In the stage of placenta accreta there are abnormal biological factors expression in the patients' body. On the one hand, it reflects the progress of the disease, on the other hand, it provides reference for antenatal diagnosis. This article reviews the role of abnormal expression of related factors in placental tissue and maternal blood in the occurrence of placenta accreta. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Advances in the Pathogenesis of Premature Rupture of Fetal Membranes ZHANG Li-heng，SHAO Yong 2018, 45 (4):  369-372.  Abstract ( 1015 )   PDF (1492KB) ( 7109 )   Premature rupture of the membranes (PROM) is a very common and rather difficult problem in obstetrics, and it is also a common cause of premature birth. There are many reasons for PROM and its pathogenesis is very complicated. This article reviews the histological characteristics of the fragment of the fetal membrane, including the foundings of the traditional pathology and the new optical research. Secondly, we introduce a new discovery that membranes have small cracks and is continuous remodeling. In addition, some membranes had the spontaneous healing, and its mechanism is mainly a physical closure based on cell migration. Last but not the least, we conclude some new theories, such as fetal membrane senescence and oxidative stress, and the traditional theories, such as cell apoptosis, and the imbalance of fetal membrane protease system, in order to provide theoretical ideas for further studies on PROM. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Research Progress of the Relationship between DJ-1 and Preeclampsia YANG Ting-ting，YAN Jian-ying 2018, 45 (4):  373-377.  Abstract ( 1047 )   PDF (755KB) ( 6866 )   DJ-1, also known as Parkinson disease protein 7 (PARK7), belongs to the ThiJ/PfpI/DJ-1 superfamily of PARK7. DJ-1 is an antioxidant and antioxidant stress is its main function. In recent years, it is speculated that DJ-1 is involved in the development of preeclampsia through oxidative stress pathway. Preeclampsia (PE) is a special disease of pregnancy and a leading cause of both maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. However the pathophysiological mechanisms of PE remain poorly known, and the role of oxidative stress injury in the development of preeclampsia is a hot topic. The view summarized the mechanism of DJ-1 in preeclampsia. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Progress on the Relationship between Hyperhomocysteinemia and Preeclampsia XIAO Fan，HUA Shao-fang 2018, 45 (4):  377-380.  Abstract ( 1007 )   PDF (731KB) ( 7092 )   Preeclampsia is a group of diseases consist of hypertension and albuminuria during pregnancy, which is the main cause of the increased maternal and perinatal mortality. Homocysteine (Hcy) is a sulfur-containing amino acid, which is the intermediate metabolite of methionine. Plasma homocysteine levels are affected by methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene polymorphism, folic acid and vitamin B12 in pregnant women. The plasma hcy concentration in normal pregnant women was lower than that in non pregnant women. The increase of plasma homocysteine level can damage vascular endothelial cells through oxidative stress, plasma nitric oxide and endothelin imbalance and cystathithione b-synthase/cystathion-glyase/ hydrogen sulfide pathway. Dynamic monitoring of plasma homocysteine levels during pregnancy may provide a new method for early prediction and intervention of preeclampsia. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

NQO1 is Associated with Schisandrin B Attenuating Benzo(a)pyrene-induced HTR-8/SVneo Cells Damages SHI Hai-xia，LIU Chuan-li，WANG Hua，DONG Qu-long，SUN Yang，ZHANG Yan，HOU Hai-yan，CHEN Ya-qiong 2018, 45 (4):  381-386.  Abstract ( 886 )   PDF (4403KB) ( 7096 )    Objective：To investigate whether  NQO1 [NAD(P)H: quinine oxidoreductase 1] gene played a role in schisandrin B (Sch B) attenuating cells damages in the human trophoblast HTR-8/SVneo cells (HTR-8/SVneo) induced by Benzo(a) pyrene (BaP). Methods：On the basis of previous experiments, siRNA technology, MTS cell proliferation assay and real-time PCR were used to analyze the changes of protective rate in HTR-8/SVneo cells induced by Sch B after NQO1 siRNA, and the changes of NQO1 mRNA expression in different groups before and after NQO1 siRNA. Results：At the level of cell proliferation, after NQO1 siRNA, inhibition rate in HTR-8/SVneo cells induced by 20 μmol/L BaP-incresed to 30.48%, while the protection rates in HTR-8/SVneo cells induced by 0.50, 1.00 and 2.00 μmol/L Sch B decresed to 4.68%, 9.56%, 14.85% respectively. Besides, at the level of gene expression, the ability of 0.10, 0.25, 0.50, 1.00, 2.00, 5.00 μmol/L Sch B to activate NQO1 significantly decreased after NQO1 siRNA, and the expression of NQO1 mRNA was respectively reduced to 1.22, 1.24, 1.30, 1.53, 1.71, 2.01, 1.29 times as much as 1.36, 1.40, 1.46, 1.79, 2.30, 2.91, 1.42 times that of the control group before NQO1 siRNA. Conclusions：NQO1 was associated with Sch B attenuating BaP-induced HTR-8/SVneo cells damages. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

The Influence of Epidural Anesthesia and Percutaneous Electrical Stimulation on Delivery：A Meta-analysis YAN Shu-xia，YANG Xin-ru，LUO Wei，CHEN Rui-juan，HE Rong-xia 2018, 45 (4):  387-393.  Abstract ( 882 )   PDF (3010KB) ( 7140 )   Objective：To evaluate the efficacy and safety of epidural anesthesia vs percutaneous electrical stimulation in delivery. Methods：Wanfang, Baidu, CNKI, VIP, Elsevier, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Springer database were searched to identify the randomized contro1led trials on epidural anesthesia (EA) and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) in delivery up to 2018 Feb. Two reviewers screened, extracted data and evaluated the study quality independently according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Review Manager (version 5.3) software was used to analyze the data. Results：A total of 1 715 subjects were included in 8 literatures, including 868 cases of EA group and 847 cases of TENS group. The results of systematic analysis showed that the active period of the first stage of labor in TENS group is shorter than that of EA group (MD=－84.56, 95%CI: －122.94～－46.17, P＜0.000 1), the second stage of labor is shorter (MD=－14.03, 95%CI: －21.75～－6.32, P=0.000 4), cesarean section rate is lower (RR=0.78, 95%CI: 0.64～0.96, P=0.02), vaginal assisted delivery rate is lower (RR=0.49, 95%CI: 0.35～0.68, P＜0.000 1) and the incidence of newborns asphyxial are lower (RR=0.54, 95%CI: 0.33～0.91, P=0.02), but the analgesic effect of EA on severe pain is better than that of TENS (RR=8.78, 95%CI: 3.33～23.14, P＜0.000 1). Conclusions：Epidural anesthesia has better effect on severe pain relief. We should choose it when we doubt fetal macrosomia, patients with unbearable pain, while transcutaneous electrical stimulation has lesser side-effect on both mother and child, showing good clinical application prospects. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Comparision of 30 mL and 60 mL Foley Catheter for Cervical Ripening in Full-term Pregnancy BIAN Zheng，JIANG Xiang，HUANG Yi-ying，YING Hao，DUAN Tao 2018, 45 (4):  394-398.  Abstract ( 1146 )   PDF (875KB) ( 7170 )   Objective：To compare the cervical ripening effect of two different volume cervical dilatation balloon in full-term pregnancy. Methods：From June 2017 to December 2017, 400 cases of full-term pregnant women with cervical Bishop score ＜6 who were admitted to our hospital for induction were selected randomly. According to the volume of Foley catheter (30 mL and 60 mL), the patients were divided into two groups (200 cases in each) and then the cervical ripening and other pregnancy related prognosis were compared. Results：There is no significant differences between the Bishop scores of two groups before Foley balloon placement ( χ2=1.280, P=0.201). However, after cervical ripening, an obvious difference was demonstrated ( χ2=-4.137, P=0.000). The induction-labor interval of 60 mL Foley catheter was shorter than 30 mL Foley catheter for the nulliparous women (t=4.204, P=0.000). By multivariate analysis, the volume of Foley catheter exerted significant effect on the delivery within 24 hours of induction (OR=1.990, 95%CI: 1.444～2.742, P=0.000). Among 20 cases with previous cesarean section, 18 cases delivered vaginally successfully without any complications. There was no obvious difference observed between the neonatal prognosis of two groups (P＞0.05). Conclusions：Foley catheter is safe and efficient in promoting cervical ripening for full-term pregnant women (including VBAC). Compare to 30 mL volume Foley catheter, 60 mL volume Foley catheter is more effective in promoting cervical maturation, and can shorten the labor induction-delivery time. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Clinical Study of Atosiban, Ritodrine Treatment in Late Abortion and Preterm Labour of Twin Pregnancy ZHANG Hai-ling，ZHANG Qing 2018, 45 (4):  398-400.  Abstract ( 1603 )   PDF (796KB) ( 7233 )   Objective：To obtain the clinical value of atosiban, ritodrine treatment in late abortion and preterm labour of twin pregnancy. Methods：A retrospective analysis was made of 85 women with late abortion and threatened preterm labor who were treated in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2015 to January 2017. According to the drug use situation, they were divided into atoxiban group of 20 cases, ritodrine group of 25 cases, and ritodrine combined with atoxiban group of 40 cases (combined medication group). To observe the success rate, prolonged gestation week, neonatal condition, postpartum bleeding rate and adverse drug reaction. Results：The effect time of atociban was short, there was statistically significant difference between the two groups (all P＜0.05). There were no significant difference between the success rate in three groups ( χ2=0.30, P=0.86). There was no significant difference in neonatal birth weight and neonatal asphyxia rate (all P＞0.05). None of the 3 groups had postpartum hemorrhage. High risk of adverse drug reactions of ritodrine happened in patients, who had the albumin level is lower than 30 g/L, HGB≤100 g/L and the basic heart rate ≥100/min. Conclusions：Atociban can be considered as a first-line medicine in the twin pregnacy with effective contraction, with the albumin level ≤30 g/L, HGB≤100 g/L and the basic heart rate ≥100/min. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Effect of Pharmacological Preconditioning and Uterine Arterial Embolization on the Curative Effect of Hysteroscopic Uterus Curettage for Cesarean Scar Pregnancy LI Ying，LUO Jun 2018, 45 (4):  401-404.  Abstract ( 938 )   PDF (788KB) ( 7034 )   Objective：To explore the effect of pharmacological preconditioning and uterine arterial embolization on the curative effect of hysteroscopic uterus curettage for cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP). Methods：The clinical data of 120 patients with CSP treated in the department of gynaecology of Xinyang Central Hospital of Henan Province from January 2016 to November 2017 were collected retrospectively. According to different treatment methods, the patients were divided into the study group (72 cases) and the control group (48 cases). The two groups were treated by pharmacological preconditioning with mifepristone + methotrexate (MTX) and uterine arterial embolization, respectively, and then they were treated by hysteroscopic uterus curettage. The completion of operation, postoperative recovery progress and occurrence of complications were observed and statistically analyzed. Results：There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of secondary uterus curettage, massive hemorrhage, conversion to laparotomy or hysterectomy, operative time or intraoperative blood loss between the 2 groups (P＞0.05). The postoperative length of hospital stay, vaginal bleeding time, menstrual recovery time and blood β-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (β-HCG) recovery time of the study group were significantly shorter than those of the control group (P＜0.05). In the study group, the main complications were gastrointestinal reactions, and the incidence rate (22.22%) was significantly higher than that in the control group (7.14%) (P＜0.05). The incidence rates of fever and pain in the control group (18.75% and 33.33%) were significantly higher than those in the study group (2.78% and 8.33%) (P＜0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of infection, liver function damage, intrauterine adhesion or uterine perforation between the 2 groups (P＞0.05). Conclusions：The application of pharmacological preconditioning with mifepristone+ MTX before hysteroscopic uterus curettage could improve the clinical curative effect of patients with CSP. Postoperative recovery is fast and complications are few. Attention should be paid to control of complications such as gastrointestinal reactions. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

A Clinical Analysis of Pregnancy with Acute Leukemia ZHANG Na-na，LI Wen-ya，HUANG Xiao-xia，XU Yan-bin，WANG Chen-hong，ZHAO Wei-hua 2018, 45 (4):  405-407.  Abstract ( 965 )   PDF (680KB) ( 7162 )   Objective：To investigate the clinical features of pregnancy complicated with acute leukemia, in order to improve the diagnosis and treatment level of the disease. Methods：To analyze retrospectively the diagnosis and treatment process of 1 case with acute myeloid leukemia, and refer to related literature. Results：In this case, acute myeloid leukemia was found in the late pregnancy. After correcting anemia, promoting fetal lung maturity, protecting brain nerve cells and other symptomatic treatment, the patient bore a live baby girl in caesarean section at 32+1 week of gestation. Then she recevied a series of standard chemotherapy. The literatures show that patients diagnosed with acute leukaemia during the first trimester are recommended to terminate pregnancy. Exposure to chemotherapeutic drugs in the second and third days of pregnancy will increase the risk of intrauterine growth restriction and premature birth, but it does not increase the risk of fetal malformation. A treatment plan can be made according to the gestational week. Conclusions：The treatment of pregnancy combined with leukemia should take account of various factors such as disease itself, mother, fetus and patient's wishes. It is necessary for multidisciplinary team cooperation to choose the best treatment plan to reduce the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Juvenile Granulose Cell Tumor during Pregnancy: A Case Report and Literature Review YU Qing，JIAN Wen-wen，WANG Min，LI Yang-yang，YANG Shu-li 2018, 45 (4):  408-410.  Abstract ( 1028 )   PDF (683KB) ( 7110 )   Objective：To analyze clinical features，diagnosed key points, treatment and prognosis of juvenile granulose cell tumor (JGCT) during pregnancy in order to improve the level of differential diagnosis. Methods：To analyze retrospectively clinical data of 1 patient with JGCT occurred of pregnancy and review relevant literatures. Results：A 27-year-old female patient was admitted for menolipsis after 39+3 weeks, intermittent right lower abdomen pain 3 days. Ultrasonography suggested that there was a mixed echogenic mass in the right lower abdominal containing solid and cystic components. The cancer antigen-125 (CA125) was 32.3 U/mL, CA19-9 was 19.1 U/mL. Preoperative diagnosis was threatened labor and pelvic mass (uncertain quality). Cesarean delivery and exploratory laparotomy were carried out. A cystic mass ruptured was founded in the right ovary. Resection of the right ovarian mass was performed. And the postoperative pathological diagnosis was ovarian JGCT. The second laparotomy was given: resection of the right ovary and fallopian tube，a wedge biopsy of the left ovary，pelvic lymph node biopsy, part of the large net excision and appendectomy. The patient received postoperative chemotherapy with cisplatinum, vincristine and Blenmyc (PVB) for 3 courses. And the tumor had no recurrence for eight monthes. Conclusions：JGCT is rare, especially in pregnancy. Diagnosis can be confirmed by pathological examination and immunohistochemical staining. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

The Role of FOXO1 Transcription Factor in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome LENG Qin，FANG You-yan，LI Jun，WEI Zhao-lian 2018, 45 (4):  413-417.  Abstract ( 1075 )   PDF (786KB) ( 6971 )   FOXO1, a member of the class O in Forkhead transcription factor (FOX) family, is expressed in many cell types and is involved in many pathological and physiological processes including cell proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, metabolism, inflammatory response, cytokine expression, immune differentiation, resistance to oxidative stresse and so on. These processes can cause many clinical phenomena such as carcinogenesis, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, host response and the like. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) as one of the most common endocrine disorders in women of reproductive age, the mechanism remains unclear. FOXO1 may be involved in the pathophysiology of PCOS such as insulin resistance and low-inflammatory reaction. To study the role of FOXO1 in the pathogenesis of PCOS and its complications is helpful to provide new ideas for the treatment strategy of PCOS. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Research Process of the Characteristics of Adolescent Endometriosis LI Xing-miao，JIANG Xiu-xiu 2018, 45 (4):  417-421.  Abstract ( 1081 )   PDF (760KB) ( 7070 )   Adolescent endometriosis is a special type of endometriosis，which can cause dysmenorrhea，chronic pelvic pain，infertility and other symptoms. The etiology is still unknown，and the pathogenesis is complex. The current theory include retrograde menstrual blood，genetics，blood transmission and other factors. Among them，endometrial stem cells contained in retrograde menstrual blood have caused heated discussion in recent years. That is, the endometrial stem cells reversely flow into the abdominal cavity through menstrual blood，which caused ectopically planted，invaded，grew and resulted in diseases. However, the gold standard for diagnosis of adolescent endometriosis is laparoscopic surgery and pathological examination. Because of the disease start at an early-onset time, and is easy to relapse，it is still a thorny problem in gynecology. This review focus on the epidemiological data, pathogenesis, related risk factors and clinical characteristics of adolescent endometriosis. Further study of the adolescent endometriosis may enhance the prevention and encourage the early diagnosis and early treatment，which reduce the occurrence of endometriosis complications in the future days. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Literature Review on Tubal Endometriosis BAI Yi-xuan，LI Chang-zhong 2018, 45 (4):  422-426.  Abstract ( 1084 )   PDF (741KB) ( 7094 )   Tubal endometriosis (TEM), one kind of EMs, refers to endometriosis arisen on the fallopian tube. Because of its low incidence, nonspecific symptom and difficulty in diagnosing before surgery, there is not many related researches on TEM; but apparently, its incidence is rising rapidly these years, causing non-negligible effects on body and society. Recently some progress has been made on the researches on TEM, such as the clinical manifestations, methods of treatment and diagnosis, and its pathogenesis including structural and functional effects on the Fallopian tube, the relationships between TEM and infertility etc. Studying TEM helps not only to promote the cognition of the pathogenesis of TEM, but also to formulate a specific diagnostic and therapeutic schedule, and to give a direction on treating EMs and tubal factor infertility as well. According to the literature report now available, the research status of TEM is reviewed as follow. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

A New Oral GnRH Antagonist—Elagolix WANG Shi-hui，ZHANG Jie，JI Ying-bo，ZHANG Yong-kai 2018, 45 (4):  427-430.  Abstract ( 1399 )   PDF (738KB) ( 7242 )   AbbVie submitted a new drug application for Elagolix to the FDA on September 6, 2017, and received the FDA's priority review in more than a month. Elagolix is an oral gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist, has the very good curative effect on endometriosis for menstrual pelvic pain. Compared with and previously known as GnRH agonists, Elagolix has high oral bioavailability, and avoid the pain caused by injection and allergic reaction, and increased patient compliance. Currently, the drug has been delayed to the FDA in the third quarter of 2018 regarding the supplementary data on liver injury. The principle of adverse reactions to liver injury is not clear. Elagolix hopes to be a new oral GnRH antagonist agent in the treatment of endometriosis, and we will continue to pay attention to the follow-up research progress. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Current Status of Influencing Factors on Quality of Life in Patients with Pelvic Organs Prolapse JIANG Xiao-hui，LIU Qing，MAO Bao-hong，ZHOU Bing-bo，QIU Jie 2018, 45 (4):  431-434.  Abstract ( 1297 )   PDF (715KB) ( 7182 )   Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) refers to the downward movement of the uterus and its adjacent urinary tract, bladder, and rectum due to weakness or damage to the pelvic floor support structure. This has led to a series of symptoms such as urinary incontinence, difficulty urinating, and sexual problems. POP is a type of benign disease that occurs frequently among middle-aged and older women. Its high incidence, high treatment costs, and heavy socio-economic, and medical burdens seriously affect the quality of life of female patients. With the remarkable achievements in the development of gynecologic urology and pelvic floor reconstruction surgery in recent years, significant breakthroughs have been made in the study of the pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and disease-related risk factors of POP. At present, the research on POP quality of life is mostly assessed by pelvic floor surgery or pelvic floor physiotherapy, and there is still a lack of in-depth research. Related studies have shown that the severity of POP symptoms, surgical history, pelvic floor rehabilitation, obesity, and whether other types of pelvic floor diseases and mental disorders are combined may be important factors affecting the quality of life of POP patients. This article reviews the influencing factors of quality of life in patients with pelvic organ prolapse in order to provide a theoretical basis for the development of relevant clinical interventions. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Anatomic Research Progress of Transvaginal Hysterectomy GUO Zhuo-dan，WANG Wen-zhen，HAO Qian，WU Su-hui，LIU Xiao-chun 2018, 45 (4):  435-438.  Abstract ( 1939 )   PDF (720KB) ( 10070 )   Transvaginal hysterectomy (TVH) has the advantages of small trauma, little bleeding, no scar on the abdomen, quicker recovery, shorter hospitalization time, fewer complications and lower costs. "Under the same conditions, transvaginal route should be the first option for hysterectomy" is a consensus reached by gynecological experts all over the world. Although there is solid evidence to support vaginal access, abdominal total hysterectomy still accounts for a large proportion of domestic and foreign hospitals. The main reasons for the widespread development of TVH are the experience of the surgeon and the level of the vaginal operation. The biggest obstacle is the unfamiliarity of the anatomical plane. The concern of bleeding and urinary bladder damage, combined with the operation of TVH vision and high technical requirements of operation, hindered the development of vaginal surgery. Therefore, this article reviews the anatomical knowledge involved in TVH, which aims to provide the application of anatomical basis for transvaginal operation, and to provide useful data for better vaginal surgery. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Establishing a Visible Endometriosis Model with Human Ectopic Endometrial Cells SU Xiao-hua，SONG Dian-rong，ZHANG Ying 2018, 45 (4):  439-445.  Abstract ( 1302 )   PDF (8635KB) ( 7162 )   Objective：Injecting different concentrations of human eutopic and ectopic endometrial cells into the abdominal subcutaneous tissue in nude mice. The formation of ectopic lesions was observed and compared, in order to establish a visible endometriosis model (EMs) that was non-invasively, continuously and dynamically. Methods：Twenty human eutopic endometrial samples and ovarian endometriosis cyst walls were obtained, endometrial cells were digested and cultured respectively. Three different concentrations of 2.5×106/200 μL, 5×106/200 μL and 1×10７/200 μL were injected respectively into the abdominal subcutaneous tissue of nude mice. The time when lesions began to appear were observed and recorded. The incidence and volume of lesions on the 5th day, 10th day and 15th day after injection was calculated. On the 15th day after injection, the visible lesions were removed and identified by histologic and immunohistochemical examination. Comfirm the best cells, the optimal concentration of cells and the suitable time to observe the lesions through comparation. Results：Visible lesions could be successfully induced by injecting human eutopic and ectopic endometrial cells. Pathological analysis of lesions showed that glandular structures were surrounded by dense stromal cells. Immunohistochemical examination results confirmed that the lesions were formed by human endometrial cells. There were no statistically significant differences among the groups on the time when a lesion occurred (F=0.230, P=0.942). The optimal concentration of injected cells was 5×106/200 μL, the best time to establish the model was on the 10th day after injection. Under these conditions, the incidence of lesions on the 10th day was 100% in the ectopic cells group and 75% in the eutopic cells group, the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=9.143, P=0.002). Conclusions：The ectopic endometrial cells were more suitable for establishing a visible EMs model compared with the eutopic endometrial cells. Co-cultured ectopic endometrial cells of 5×106/200 μL concentration were injected in the abdominal subcutaneous of nude mice could successfully establish the visible EMs model on the 10th day and the incidence could up to 100%. The lesions could be observed non-invasively, continuously and dynamically. It was an ideal model to study the abdominal wall EMs. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

The Research Progress of Autophagy in Ovarian Cancer ZHENG Xiu-shuang，TANG Xiao-han，LU Mei-song 2018, 45 (4):  446-449.  Abstract ( 1150 )   PDF (710KB) ( 7177 )   Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignancy tumor, its early diagnosis is difficult. In spite of the progression in surgery and chemotherapy, the mortality of ovarian cancer almost remains the same. Autophagy, type II programmed cell death, has came into attention with the development of researches. The role of autophagy in ovarian cancer is bidirectional, it can not only inhibit the occurrence of tumor, but also protect tumor cells and promote tumor metastasis. Some related factors of autophagy play an important role in the development of ovarian cancer, they are also closely related to the prognosis of ovarian cancer. The discovery of the mechanism of autophagy related factors in ovarian cancer provides new ideas and targets for the treatment of ovarian cancer. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Research Progress of the Microcystic, Elongated, and Fragmented Pattern of Invasion in Endometrial Carcinoma HAN Hong-yu，JIANG Ji-yong 2018, 45 (4):  450-454.  Abstract ( 4110 )   PDF (734KB) ( 7332 )   Endometrial cancer is one of the common malignant tumors of the female reproductive system. The most common pathological form of endometrial cancer is endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma. The prognosis of early endometrial cancer is better, but there are still a few patients with poor prognosis. Factors that affect the prognosis of endometrial cancer include histological grade, depth of myometrial invasion, lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI), cervical stroma involvement, and lymph node metastasis. Microcystic, elongated and fragmented (MELF) pattern is a special myometrial invasion pattern of endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma. Several studies have confirmed that the MELF pattern is associated with some adverse pathological factors that affect the prognosis, but the prognostic significance of MELF pattern remains unclear. Clinicopathological features and prognostic significance of MELF pattern are now discussed in this review in order to provide a theoretical reference for the related research of MELF pattern in the future. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Advances in the Study of Port Site Metastasis after Laparoscopic Surgery for Gynecologic Malignancies DAI Chun-yang，HAN Lu 2018, 45 (4):  455-459.  Abstract ( 1114 )   PDF (752KB) ( 7291 )   Port site metastasis (PSM) is a special complication after laparoscopy. The incidence of the disease is associated with the malignancy of the disease, the types of tumors, the histologic type, the FIGO stage, the ascites and the purpose of laparoscopy. The highest incidence of PSM is the ovarian cancer in the gynecologic malignant tumor, and advanced cancer, massive ascites, and malignant tumor rupture are closely related to PSM. The occurrence of PSM is related to tumor biological characteristics, surgical techniques, CO2 and pneumoperitoneum, the use of energy instruments, host immune response, and so on. Selecting the appropriate cases, reducing tissue damage during the intraoperative biopsy, strictly obey the principle of surgical non-tumor, avoid the leakage or sudden release of CO2 gas during the operation, shorten the pneumoperitoneum time, flushing the abdominal cavity, the instruments and the port sites at the end of surgery, suturing puncture holes above 5 mm are the key methods to prevent the occurrence of PSM. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Advances in Non-surgical Treatment of Small-cell Carcinoma of the Cervix DU Jing-ran，WANG Yan，YANG Yong-Xiu 2018, 45 (4):  460-463.  Abstract ( 1360 )   PDF (715KB) ( 6960 )   Small-cell carcinoma of the cervix (SCCC) is a rare neuroendocrine malignancy that accounts for 3%-5% of cervical cancer. It is a highly invasive cervical cancer characterized by early lymph node and hematogenous spread. Even if the lesion is clinically limited in the pelvis, the prognosis is also very poor. The 5-year overall survival rate for women in the FIGOⅠ-ⅡA period was 36.8%. The overall survival rate of SCCC patients with extensive metastasis was 0 in 5 years, and recurrent disease is incurable, and the survival time after diagnosis of recurrent disease is very short, usually only 7-8 months. SCCC often metastasizes rapidly to the lungs, liver, brain, bone, pancreas, and lymph nodes, leading to treatment failure in most cases. The treatment of SCCC is mainly based on surgery combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Now we review its non-surgical treatment methods of SCCC and improve the prognosis of patients. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Application of Polyhydroxy Acrylic Acid in Detection of P16 Protein Expression in Cervical Tissues CHEN Zhi-qiang，MI Xian-jun，CHEN Ang，LIU Chao-fan，DENG Wen-tong，DUAN Li-feng，DAI Xin-zhen 2018, 45 (4):  464-467.  Abstract ( 892 )   PDF (8559KB) ( 7007 )   Objective：To observe the expression of P16 protein in cervix tissue by immunohistochemical method and 10% neutral buffer Faure Marin (traditional stationary liquid), and explore the feasibility of replacing it with 10% neutral buffer Faure Marin. Methods：245 specimens of cervical tissue were collected from the outpatient department and the department of gynaecologic inpatient department of Zhongshan BOAI Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University from March 2015 to November 2017. There were 52 cases of normal and chronic cervicitis, 87 cases in group LSIL, 61 in group HSIL and 45 in cervical cancer group. 2 pieces of the same lesion were collected and randomly divided into two groups, which were named group A and B. In group A, 245 sections were made by 10% neutral buffered formalin, and 245 sections were made by polyhydroxy acrylic acid in group B. Immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression of P16 protein in cervical tissue. Results：①Under the biological microscope, the two groups of A and B slices had clear background, positive collocation, accurate location, strong positive intensity, bright and fresh color, and no specific staining, negative and positive staining results were reliable. ②In group A, the positive rate of p16 protein in chronic cervicitis group, LSIL group, HSIL group and cervical cancer group were 5.77%, 35.63%, 80.33% and 100.00%, respectively. The positive rate of p16 protein in B group was 5.77%, 33.33%, 81.97% and 100.00% respectively in chronic cervicitis group, LSIL group, HSIL group and cervical cancer group. There was no significant difference in the positive rate of P16 protein expression between A and B groups (P＞0.05). Conclusions：Using polyhydroxyacrylic acid instead of 10% neutral buffer Faure Marin has no significant difference on the positive rate of P16 protein expression in cervical tissue by immunohistochemical method. Polyhydroxyacrylic acid as a stationary liquid has certain value in the detection of P16 protein expression in cervical tissue by immunohistochemical method. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Cervix: Clinical Analysis of 19 Cases CHEN Shu-ying，JI Mei 2018, 45 (4):  468-472.  Abstract ( 2060 )   PDF (839KB) ( 7110 )   Objective：To discuss the clinical and pathological features, treatment and prognosis of small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix (SCNECC). Methods：From June 2012 to September 2017, 19 cases of SCNECC patients were reviewed and their data were analyzed retrospectively. Results：Patients′ age ranged from 30-63 years, with average of （45.8±10.0） years. Clinical stage: 7 stageⅠB1, 5 stageⅠB2, 2 stageⅡA1, 4 stageⅡB, 1 stageⅢB. The tumor size was 2-10 cm, with the average of (4.29±2.43) cm. 16 cases were positive for HPV 18, and 1 case was positive for HPV16. 17 patients underwent radical surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy, including 8 patients were treated by neoadjuvant chemotherapy, 9 patients received radiotherapy. Two patients who didn′t received surgery were treated by chemoradiotherapy. The disease-free 1-, 2-, and 5-year survival rates were 58.6%, 50.2%, 12.6% respectively. The overall 1-, 2-, and 5-year survival rates were 72.8%, 54.6%, 27.3%, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that clinical stage (＞ⅡA), lymph node metastasis and the tumor size (＞4 cm) were the prognostic risk factors. Conclusions：Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix is a rare disease and associated with high mortality. The diagnosis relys on pathology. Radical surgery is the major therapy for early-stage patients, adjuvant chemotherapy has important significance. Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Malignant Tumor of Brenner：A Case Report and the Literature Review BI Yu-xi，LI Yang-yang，JIANG Jie，XIANG Mei 2018, 45 (4):  473-476.  Abstract ( 1100 )   PDF (3611KB) ( 7178 )   Objective：To investigate the clinical diagnosis and treatment progress of malignant Brenner tumor (MBT), analyze its clinical characteristics, and strengthen the understandings of malignant ovarian Brenner tumor. Methods：A case of malignant Brenner tumor at the Second Hospital of Jilin University in September 2017, were analyzed, and the related literatures were reviewed. The progress of diagnosis and treatment was summarized. Results：The patients were confirmed by surgical histopathology and immunohistochemical markers. There was no specific clinical manifestation. Immunohistochemistry was positive for GATA3 (+) and CK7, especially for P53 and P63. Conclusions：The clinical manifestations and imaging manifestations of this disease are unspecific. The diagnosis is based on histopathological and immunohistochemical markers. It is also necessary to distinguish from transitional cell carcinoma. Surgical resection is the main treatment. The standard chemotherapy is carboplatin plus paclitaxel. Related Articles | Metrics