Abstract: Pelvic pain is one of the common gynecological diseases in women, which mainly presents as chronic pelvic pain. It has not only a great impact on women′s posture and balance ability, but also severe influence on the quality of life and health. However, the biological basis and etiology of chronic pelvic pain are still unclear. Its evaluation and treatment are complicated, which brings great difficulties to the treatment and rehabilitation. We aim to review the innervation of internal and external reproductive systems, the imaging changes and pain susceptibility of central nervous, the interaction between cytokines and peripheral nerve fibers, the role of inflammation factor in reducing peripheral nerve sensitivity, the pain signals transmission and neurons kinase signaling pathways activation mediated by sodium channel to further provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of female pelvic pain. We focus on the role of signaling pathways and cytokines in the pathogenesis of pain.

Key words: Pelvic pain, Neurobiology, Signal transduction, Cytokines, Disease susceptibility