Abstract: Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is able to quantify the velocity and direction of water molecules in human tissues, thus to reflect micro-structure of tissues as well as physiological and pathological changes. DTI related parameters fractional anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value can reveal microscopic structure quantitatively. Fiber tractography (FT) can visually display the direction and distribution of fiber bundles, providing more anatomical details non-invasively. Presently, the application of DTI in uterus has come to increasingly attention. DTI can well display fibrous structure of normal uterus and also be applied in uterine diseases, for instance, the differentiation of ordinary to degenerative uterine leiomyoma and postoperative efficacy evaluation after ultrasound ablation, the preoperative staging of endometrial and cervical cancer, determination of lymph node metastasis and prognosis evaluation, showing the microstructure of sacral nerve root to reflect the pathophysiological changes of endometriosis, providing more information for clinical diagnosis and contributes to the follow-up treatment options and prognosis evaluation.

Key words: Uterus, Uterine disease, Magnetic resonance imaging, Diffusion tensor imaging, Anisotropy