Effect of COVID-19 Epidemic on Pregnant Women′s Anxiety during Rregnancy

doi:10.12280/gjfckx.20200651

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective: To explore the influencing factors of anxiety and depression in pregnant women under the COVID-19 epidemic. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of the mental health status of pregnant women was carried out in Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Henan, Guangdong, Guizhou, and Shanxi provinces from January 23 to April 8, 2020. A questionnaire survey was adopted to obtain 1 793 valid questionnaires. The survey mainly includes basic information of pregnant women during pregnancy (age, height, weight, parity, education level, occupation, and monthly household income), exercise volume assessment, and self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) scores. The trend χ² test was used to explore the difference between the detection rates of anxiety in high, medium and low risk areas and early, middle and late pregnancy. The logistic regression analysis was used to access the influencing factors of anxiety in pregnancy women during the COVID-19 epidemic. Results: The detection rate of anxiety symptoms in pregnancy women during the COVID-19 epidemic was 34.47% (618/1 793), which was significantly higher than that before (χ²=596.234, P=0.000). The detection rates of anxiety symptoms in high, medium and low risk areas were 34.71% (455/1 311), 31.79% (55/173) and 34.95% (108/309), respectively (χ²=0.011, P=0.916). The detection rates of anxiety symptoms in early, middle, and late pregnancy were 41.38% (36/87), 38.01% (176/463), and 32.66% (406/1243), respectively (χ²=6.122, P=0.013). Compared with the third trimester of pregnancy, the risk of anxiety symptoms is higher in early and middle pregnancy, with OR (95%CI) values of 1.706 (1.058~2.749) and 1.461 (1.151~1.855), respectively. Compared with pregnant women with high school education and below, pregnant women with master degree and above have a higher risk of anxiety symptoms (OR=1.861, 95%CI: 1.102~3.144). Compared with pregnant women who use electronic products less than 2 hours per day, those use electronic products for 5~6 hours and 7 h per day have a higher risk of anxiety symptoms, with OR (95%CI) values of 1.725 (1.188~2.505) and 2.000 (1.376~2.908), respectively. Compared with pregnant women who have enough sleep every day, those sleep less than 6 hours has a higher risk of anxiety symptoms, with an OR (95%CI) value of 2.603 (1.706~3.970). Compared with pregnant women who exercise 4~7 times per week, pregnant women who do not exercise or rarely exercise has a higher risk of anxiety symptoms, with an OR (95%CI) of 1.612 (1.166~2.230). Conclusions: The detection rate of anxiety symptoms in pregnant women during the epidemic period is higher than that before the epidemic. Mental health intervention services should focus on the anxiety and depression in pregnant women during COVID-19 epidemic, and timely counseling and intervention should be conducted for pregnant women with anxiety and depression to prevent the occurrence of post-traumatic stress disorder. At the same time, relevant departments should manage the public opinion to eliminate the psychological damage caused by false reports.

Key words: SARS virus, Communicable disease control, Pregnant women, Anxiety, Risk Factors, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2

YAN Dan-dan, YUAN Jing-ping, YAN Hong-lin, LIU Tian, WANG Feng, TIAN Kun-ming. Effect of COVID-19 Epidemic on Pregnant Women′s Anxiety during Rregnancy[J]. Journal of International Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2021, 48(1): 110-114.

Figures/Tables 2

References 13

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因素	调查人数	SAS标准分		焦虑检出率（%）	χ²	P	因素	调查人数	SAS标准分		焦虑检出率（%）	χ²	P
因素	调查人数	<50	≥50	焦虑检出率（%）	χ²	P	因素	调查人数	<50	≥50	焦虑检出率（%）	χ²	P
年龄							家庭以往月收入
≤20岁	16	6	10	62.50	8.942	0.003	<5 000元	321	204	117	36.45	0.134	0.714
21~25岁	272	169	103	37.87			5 000~9 999元	890	590	300	33.71
26~30岁	850	548	302	35.53			1万元~2万元	463	303	160	34.56
31~35岁	503	342	161	32.01			>2万元	119	78	41	34.45
≥35岁	150	108	42	28.00			每天睡眠时间
孕期							≤6 h	134	62	72	53.73	13.668	0.000
早	87	51	36	41.38	6.122	0.013	7 h	345	226	119	34.49
中	463	287	176	38.01			8 h	820	550	270	32.93
晚	1 243	837	406	32.66			≥9 h	494	337	157	31.78
地区							家庭月收入
高风险	1 311	856	455	34.71	0.011	0.916	<5 000元	1 082	685	397	36.69	4.168	0.041
中风险	173	118	55	31.79			5 000~9 999元	501	347	154	30.74
低风险	309	201	108	34.95			1万元~2万元	167	113	54	32.34
生产情况							>2万元	43	30	13	30.23
初产妇	1 068	688	380	35.58	1.448	0.229	与家庭成员关系
经产妇	725	487	238	32.83			不如以前	278	177	101	36.33	10.791	0.001
每天关注疫情							和以前一样	881	633	248	28.15
≥2次	632	374	258	40.82	8.792	0.003	比以前融洽	634	365	269	42.43
1次	756	531	225	29.76			每天使用电子产品
<1次	405	270	135	33.33			<2 h	235	180	55	23.40	32.984	0.000
造成重大影响							3~4 h	457	322	135	29.54
是	692	382	310	44.80	70.607	0.000	5~6 h	546	353	193	35.35
一般	955	680	275	28.80			>7 h	555	320	235	42.34
否	146	113	33	22.60			每天步数
能正常孕检							<500步	543	333	210	38.67	8.976	0.003
是	1 135	762	373	32.86	3.526	0.061	500~5 000步	1 138	758	380	33.39
否	658	413	245	37.23			>5 000步	112	84	28	25.00
疫情期间产检							每天锻炼时间
按时	894	603	291	32.55	2.901	0.089	不锻炼	607	368	239	39.37	12.806	0.000
未按时	899	572	327	36.37			<30 min	704	465	239	33.95
职业							≥30 min	482	342	140	29.05
机关/事业单位	485	317	168	34.64	1.806	0.614	每周锻炼的频率
商业/服务人员	389	258	131	33.68			很少或没有	1 261	787	474	37.59	21.289	0.000
公司职员/工人	404	273	131	32.43			2~3次/周	206	141	65	31.55
无业	515	327	188	36.50			4~7次/周	326	247	79	24.23
文化程度							共同居住人数
高中及以下	573	392	181	31.59	7.394	0.007	≤3人	707	470	237	33.52	0.412	0.521
大专	475	299	176	37.05			4人	555	361	194	34.95
大学本科	645	425	220	34.11			>4人	531	344	187	35.22
硕士及以上	100	59	41	41.00

因素	调查人数	SAS标准分		焦虑检出率（%）	χ²	P	因素	调查人数	SAS标准分		焦虑检出率（%）	χ²	P
因素	调查人数	<50	≥50	焦虑检出率（%）	χ²	P	因素	调查人数	<50	≥50	焦虑检出率（%）	χ²	P
年龄							家庭以往月收入
≤20岁	16	6	10	62.50	8.942	0.003	<5 000元	321	204	117	36.45	0.134	0.714
21~25岁	272	169	103	37.87			5 000~9 999元	890	590	300	33.71
26~30岁	850	548	302	35.53			1万元~2万元	463	303	160	34.56
31~35岁	503	342	161	32.01			>2万元	119	78	41	34.45
≥35岁	150	108	42	28.00			每天睡眠时间
孕期							≤6 h	134	62	72	53.73	13.668	0.000
早	87	51	36	41.38	6.122	0.013	7 h	345	226	119	34.49
中	463	287	176	38.01			8 h	820	550	270	32.93
晚	1 243	837	406	32.66			≥9 h	494	337	157	31.78
地区							家庭月收入
高风险	1 311	856	455	34.71	0.011	0.916	<5 000元	1 082	685	397	36.69	4.168	0.041
中风险	173	118	55	31.79			5 000~9 999元	501	347	154	30.74
低风险	309	201	108	34.95			1万元~2万元	167	113	54	32.34
生产情况							>2万元	43	30	13	30.23
初产妇	1 068	688	380	35.58	1.448	0.229	与家庭成员关系
经产妇	725	487	238	32.83			不如以前	278	177	101	36.33	10.791	0.001
每天关注疫情							和以前一样	881	633	248	28.15
≥2次	632	374	258	40.82	8.792	0.003	比以前融洽	634	365	269	42.43
1次	756	531	225	29.76			每天使用电子产品
<1次	405	270	135	33.33			<2 h	235	180	55	23.40	32.984	0.000
造成重大影响							3~4 h	457	322	135	29.54
是	692	382	310	44.80	70.607	0.000	5~6 h	546	353	193	35.35
一般	955	680	275	28.80			>7 h	555	320	235	42.34
否	146	113	33	22.60			每天步数
能正常孕检							<500步	543	333	210	38.67	8.976	0.003
是	1 135	762	373	32.86	3.526	0.061	500~5 000步	1 138	758	380	33.39
否	658	413	245	37.23			>5 000步	112	84	28	25.00
疫情期间产检							每天锻炼时间
按时	894	603	291	32.55	2.901	0.089	不锻炼	607	368	239	39.37	12.806	0.000
未按时	899	572	327	36.37			<30 min	704	465	239	33.95
职业							≥30 min	482	342	140	29.05
机关/事业单位	485	317	168	34.64	1.806	0.614	每周锻炼的频率
商业/服务人员	389	258	131	33.68			很少或没有	1 261	787	474	37.59	21.289	0.000
公司职员/工人	404	273	131	32.43			2~3次/周	206	141	65	31.55
无业	515	327	188	36.50			4~7次/周	326	247	79	24.23
文化程度							共同居住人数
高中及以下	573	392	181	31.59	7.394	0.007	≤3人	707	470	237	33.52	0.412	0.521
大专	475	299	176	37.05			4人	555	361	194	34.95
大学本科	645	425	220	34.11			>4人	531	344	187	35.22
硕士及以上	100	59	41	41.00

因素	β	SE	Wald χ²	OR	95%CI	P
年龄
≤20岁	1.568	0.577	7.379	4.799	1.548~14.879	0.007
21~25岁	0.650	0.240	7.321	1.916	1.916~3.070	0.007
26~30岁	0.425	0.213	3.999	1.530	1.008~2.321	0.046
31~35岁	0.280	0.221	1.609	1.323	0.859~2.038	0.205
≥36岁				1.000
孕期
早	0.534	0.244	4.807	1.706	1.058~2.749	0.028
中	0.379	0.122	9.690	1.461	1.151~1.855	0.002
晚				1.000
造成重大影响
是	0.949	0.225	17.831	2.584	1.663~4.015	0.000
一般	0.313	0.219	2.037	1.368	0.89~2.103	0.154
否				1.000
文化程度
硕士及以上	0.621	0.267	5.399	1.861	1.102~3.144	0.020
大学本科	0.260	0.143	3.313	1.297	0.980~1.717	0.069
大专	0.364	0.143	6.439	1.439	1.086~1.905	0.011
高中及以下				1.000
每天使用电子产品
>7 h	0.693	0.191	13.18	2.000	1.376~2.908	0.000
5~6 h	0.545	0.190	8.194	1.725	1.188~2.505	0.004
3~4 h	0.304	0.197	2.396	1.356	0.992~1.993	0.122
<2 h				1.000
每天睡眠时间
≤6 h	0.957	0.215	19.711	2.603	1.706~3.970	0.000
7 h	0.294	0.159	3.420	1.342	0.983~1.834	0.064
8 h	0.189	0.129	2.142	1.208	0.938~1.556	0.143
≥9 h				1.000
每天锻炼的频率
很少或没有	0.478	0.165	8.336	1.612	1.166~2.230	0.004
2~3次/周	0.317	0.211	2.265	1.373	0.909~2.075	0.132
4~7次/周				1.000

因素	β	SE	Wald χ²	OR	95%CI	P
年龄
≤20岁	1.568	0.577	7.379	4.799	1.548~14.879	0.007
21~25岁	0.650	0.240	7.321	1.916	1.916~3.070	0.007
26~30岁	0.425	0.213	3.999	1.530	1.008~2.321	0.046
31~35岁	0.280	0.221	1.609	1.323	0.859~2.038	0.205
≥36岁				1.000
孕期
早	0.534	0.244	4.807	1.706	1.058~2.749	0.028
中	0.379	0.122	9.690	1.461	1.151~1.855	0.002
晚				1.000
造成重大影响
是	0.949	0.225	17.831	2.584	1.663~4.015	0.000
一般	0.313	0.219	2.037	1.368	0.89~2.103	0.154
否				1.000
文化程度
硕士及以上	0.621	0.267	5.399	1.861	1.102~3.144	0.020
大学本科	0.260	0.143	3.313	1.297	0.980~1.717	0.069
大专	0.364	0.143	6.439	1.439	1.086~1.905	0.011
高中及以下				1.000
每天使用电子产品
>7 h	0.693	0.191	13.18	2.000	1.376~2.908	0.000
5~6 h	0.545	0.190	8.194	1.725	1.188~2.505	0.004
3~4 h	0.304	0.197	2.396	1.356	0.992~1.993	0.122
<2 h				1.000
每天睡眠时间
≤6 h	0.957	0.215	19.711	2.603	1.706~3.970	0.000
7 h	0.294	0.159	3.420	1.342	0.983~1.834	0.064
8 h	0.189	0.129	2.142	1.208	0.938~1.556	0.143
≥9 h				1.000
每天锻炼的频率
很少或没有	0.478	0.165	8.336	1.612	1.166~2.230	0.004
2~3次/周	0.317	0.211	2.265	1.373	0.909~2.075	0.132
4~7次/周				1.000

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