Abstract:

Cervical incompetence (CIC) is a disease caused by reduced cervical support, which can lead to recurrent miscarriage or premature birth, increasing the incidence of adverse outcomes in newborns. However, the etiology of CIC is currently unclear and there is no reliable method for identification and prediction. Risk factors for CIC include congenital or acquired cervical hypoplasia, body mass index (BMI), androgens level, anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), relaxin and other endocrine hormones, as well as in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET). The cause of CIC may involve gene mutations related to immune inflammation or collagen synthesis, as well as the role of endocrine hormones in cervical remodeling. At present, there is no good method for predicting CIC. There are some studies using ultrasound to measure cervical elasticity to achieve CIC prediction, and there are also studies establishing CIC prediction models, but their predictive value is limited. By reviewing research on the etiology of CIC, we aim to provide direction for future research.

Key words: Uterine cervical incompetence, Cerclage, cervical, Risk factors, Pathogenesis, Forecasting