Abstract: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of common complications during pregnancy, maternal and child safety threat, increasing the risk of pregnancy. With the increasing incidence of GDM, people pay more and more attention to the researches on its risk factors. Gestational insulin resistance is now more accepted as GDM′s main pathogenesis. In addition to the pregnant women of traditional factors such as age, race, family history of diabetes, pregnant women before pregnancy，and the body mass index （BMI），pregnant women in vivo storage content genetic polymorphism and infectious factors are associated with the occurrence of GDM. The papers in recent years on the risk factors of GDM progress are reviewed in the paper.

Key words: Diabetes, gestational, Diabetes mellitus, type 2, Insulin resistance, Risk factors