Abstract:

Preeclampsia is a common high-risk complication during pregnancy, mainly manifested as hypertension, edema and massive proteinuria. In severe cases, it can lead to a series of serious complications such as maternal and neonatal mortality. The prevention of preeclampsia mainly includes non-pharmacological and pharmacological preventions. Non-pharmacological prevention of preeclampsia mainly focus on lifestyle optimization and systematic pregnancy management, including a balanced diet, regular exercise, and stratified weight management based on pre-pregnancy body mass index. At the same time, clinicians should accurately identify high-risk groups for preeclampsia in the early stage of pregnancy by combining the patient′s medical history, physical examination, and relevant laboratory test results, and carry out personalized prevention to improve the long-term prognosis of maternal and fetal outcomes. In terms of pharmacological prevention, low-dose aspirin (60-150 mg/d), as the most evidence-based intervention, is recommended by many national guidelines for early prevention in high-risk pregnant women. Calcium supplements (≥1 g/d) can also reduce the risk of preeclampsia, especially for people with low calcium intake. Vitamin D (600-2 000 IU/d) demonstrates its potential value in preventing preeclampsia through immunomodulatory and antioxidant effects. Additionally, statins, metformin, and esomeprazole, etc. are still in the stage of clinical research. Although preliminary evidence supports their efficacy, their safety still needs to be verified by large-scale samples.

Key words: Pre-eclampsia, Early medical intervention, Drug therapy, Aspirin, Gestational weight gain