Abstract: Endometriosis is a common gynecologic stubborn disease. There are several theories of its pathogenesissuch as Sampon's Implantation Theory，Coelomic Metaplasia Theory，Embryonic Rest Theory，Lymphatic vessels remaining embryo transfer theory，Lymphovascular Metastasis Theories，Induction Theories，and the recent“eutopic-endometrium determinism”，but all can not fully explain the clinical pathogenesis of many types of EMs. Recently，more and more scholars have proposed the endometrial stem cell hypothesis that endometriosis origins from the SCs，when the menstrual blood reflux，the pelvic environment，estrogen and other factors，provide a differentiated environment for undifferentiated stem cells from the planting endometrial fragments， embryos reminant，bone marrow and tissues of the planting place. This article reviews the recent researchs of endometriosis and stem cell theory.

Key words: Endometriosis, Stem cells, Endometrium, Review