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15 June 2012, Volume 39 Issue 3
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From the Book of Changes to Digital Medicine LANG Jing-he 2012, 39 (3):  213-216.  Abstract ( 1503 )   PDF (2145KB) ( 4908 )   Number is origin of things，as everything in the world is created and expressed by numbers. I Ching：the Book of Changes，a masterpiece of Chinese traditional culture fundamental for all books and thoughts，which illustrates numbers as its core content，representing deep methodology and far reaching prospective towards universe，has a great impact on medical sciences. Digital medicine，as a new school of science crossing over information technology，medical sciences and many others，is thriving so as to make clinical practice more individualized，accurate，minimally invasive and remote. Linking the Book of Changes with digital sciences in combination therefore will enrich medical thoughts，improve medical values，and facilitate team buildup. Related Articles | Metrics

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Endometriosis and Stem Cell Theory YANG Hong;ZHU Yan;ZHOU Hua;QI Cong 2012, 39 (3):  217-219.  Abstract ( 1726 )   PDF (377KB) ( 4819 )   Endometriosis is a common gynecologic stubborn disease. There are several theories of its pathogenesissuch as Sampon's Implantation Theory，Coelomic Metaplasia Theory，Embryonic Rest Theory，Lymphatic vessels remaining embryo transfer theory，Lymphovascular Metastasis Theories，Induction Theories，and the recent“eutopic-endometrium determinism”，but all can not fully explain the clinical pathogenesis of many types of EMs. Recently，more and more scholars have proposed the endometrial stem cell hypothesis that endometriosis origins from the SCs，when the menstrual blood reflux，the pelvic environment，estrogen and other factors，provide a differentiated environment for undifferentiated stem cells from the planting endometrial fragments， embryos reminant，bone marrow and tissues of the planting place. This article reviews the recent researchs of endometriosis and stem cell theory. Related Articles | Metrics

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Recent Progress of Cyclooxygenase-2 in the Pathogenesis of Endometriosis SUN Yan-mei;ZHANG Xin-mei 2012, 39 (3):  220-223.  Abstract ( 1620 )   PDF (458KB) ( 4869 )   Causes of endometriosis remains unclear up to date，although it is a common benign disease in gynecologic clinic. Recent studies have shown that cyclooxygenase-2（COX-2） plays an important role in endometriosis，which exhibits an increasing expression in eutopic and ectopic endometrium. COX-2 can suppress apoptosis pathway of endometrial cells to promote the growth of endometriotic lesion by regulating the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins and pro-apoptotic enzymes；COX-2 can also facilitate angiogenesis to support the growth and proliferation of endometriotic cells，which is based on the increased expression of angiogenic factors. This article made an review of the role of COX-2 in pathogenesis of endometriosis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Mechanism of Levonorgestrel-releasing Intrauterine System in Treatment of Endometriosis ZHANG Qing;LUO Ruo-yu;XIONG Xia-li 2012, 39 (3):  224-227.  Abstract ( 1472 )   PDF (464KB) ( 4919 )   LNG-IUS is an intrauterine contraceptive system also licensed for the treatment of endometriosis. Lots of researches，both at home and abroad ，have shown that LNG-IUS can make the endometrial atrophy，inhibit it's proliferation and prompt its thinning，then reduce the content of upstream into the peritoneal cavity ，and prevent the plant of ectopic endometrium，finaly.At present，there are many researches have reported the molecular mechanism associated with the treatment of LNG-IUS for endometriosis. Most of them focus on apoptosis，related factor of blood vessels formation， and sex hormone receptors.Now we will make a review for this molecular mechanism. Related Articles | Metrics

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Advanced Study of Stathmin with Decidualization LI Mi;WU Kun;TANG Li 2012, 39 (3):  228-230.  Abstract ( 1561 )   PDF (474KB) ( 4748 )   Stathmin was detected expression in human endometrial epithelia and stromal cells and impacted in the progression of cell cycles as a microtuble unstable protein. It was reported that the transformation from endometrium to decidua is an important characteristics of embryo implantation. Stathmin may play a critical role in endometrial decidualization， differentiation and proliferation，apoptosis of decidual，invasion and adhesion of the decidual related cells. As an important feature of normal implantation and pregnancy， decidualization and sub-surface trophoblast constitute a maternal-fetal interface， thus affecting the normal early pregnancy， and may be related to early spontaneous abortion. This article will summarize the studies about stathmin with the decidualization. Related Articles | Metrics

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Structure Function of GDF-9 and the Association with Ovary Diseases ZHANG Cheng-wei;ZHANG Xin-lin;WANG Yong 2012, 39 (3):  231-234.  Abstract ( 1365 )   PDF (529KB) ( 4805 )   As a member of transforming growth factor-β superfamily， growth differentiation factor-9（GDF-9） is an important regulatory factor on development and functions of follicles. GDF-9 regulates the formation of dominant follicle and process of oocyte maturation. Polycystic ovary syndrome（PCOS） and premature ovarian failure （POF） are both common reproductive endocrine diseases in women of child-bearing age， but there is no effective treatment so far. This article summarizes structure function and mechanism of action of GDF-9 gene. In addition， the relationship between GDF-9 and ovary diseases is reviewed. Related Articles | Metrics

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Relations of the Family Members of SIMP and Tumor YUAN Wen-na;ZHANG Meng-zhen 2012, 39 (3):  235-238.  Abstract ( 1353 )   PDF (494KB) ( 4879 )   DPPⅣ and Seprase protein are structure highly homology of serine protease family members， probably play a key role in tumor invasion and metastasis.The research about DPPIV and Seprase protein is still in the initial stage， their roles in the tumor metastasis， related mechanism and clinical value need further research. The review will concentrate on the advances in the structure and function of DPPIV and Seprase proteins，Understanding the structure and function of DPPIV and Seprase proteins might provide a basis for the target of tumor therapy. Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress in the Study of S100P in Neoplasms and its Relationship with Embryo Implantation ZHANG Dan;ZHANG Wei 2012, 39 (3):  239-242.  Abstract ( 1369 )   PDF (503KB) ( 4971 )   S100P，one member of the S100 calcium binding protein family，has been found highly expressed in various tumor cells，participated in the proliferation，survival，metastasis and invasion of tumor cells，and related to the development，prognosis，and drug resistance of tumors. Recently，it has also been found up-regulated expression in human endometria in the “window of implantation”，and evidence shows that progesterone can boost its expression. These evidences prompt that S100P may play a role in embryo implantation. Endometrial receptivity is a prerequisite for embryo implantation，which is crucial for successful pregnancy. There are many biological processes in embryo implantation similar to that in tumor，such as cell proliferation，apoptosis，adhesion，invasion and angiogenesis. This paper reviews the publications about S100P and its relationship between endometrial receptivity and embryo implantation. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Progress of Animal Models of Ovarian Carcinoma SUN Wei;FU Shi-long 2012, 39 (3):  243-246.  Abstract ( 1701 )   PDF (534KB) ( 4918 )   Ovarian carcinoma is one of the most common and lethal gynecological malignancies. This review describes some of the experimental animal models of ovarian carcinoma，including spontaneous，xenografted， chemically induced and genetically engineered models.Consideration has also been given to the recent progress in modeling ovarian cancer using spontaneous and induced ovarian surface epithelium transformation. Animal models which accurately represent the cellular and molecular changes associated with the initiation and progression of human ovarian cancer have significant potential to facilitate the development of better detection and treatment. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Estrogen in the Progression of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer SHENG Wen-ji;ZHENG Jian-hua 2012, 39 (3):  247-249.  Abstract ( 1445 )   PDF (511KB) ( 4821 )   Estrogen may play an important role in the progression of ovarian cancer， although its effect still remains controversial. Its effect might have something to do with the types of its receptor. Estrogen receptors are functional and foster aggressiveness. A significant association of ER-alpha expression with ovarian cancer grading， progression-free survival， and cause-specific survival was demonstrated. Expression of ER-beta was found to be associated with the metastatic lymph node status. Angiogenesis is the process of developing new blood vessels and is critical in tumor growth，invasion，and metastasis. Estrogen may stimulate angiogenesis via the estrogen receptor pathway， thus affect the progression of ovarian cancer. Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress in the Research of Heparin Binding-Epidermal Growth Factor in Ovarian Cancer TANG Xiao-han;LU Mei-song 2012, 39 (3):  250-253.  Abstract ( 1328 )   PDF (558KB) ( 4807 )   Heparin binding-epidermal growth factor-like growth factor（HB-EGF），a member of the EGF family of growth factors，exerts its diverse biological activities through activation of the EGFR. Recently studies revealed HB-EGF expression was significantly elevated in ovarian cancer and it played a key role in the development of tumor，so HB-EGF was considered as a potential target for ovarian cancer therapy. The features of HB-EGF and the research progress of HB-EGF specific inhibitor CRM197 in therapy of ovarian cancer will be reviewed. We will also discuss the future direction for the development of therapeutic strategies targeting CRM197 and MTI-MMP inhibitor，ADAMs inhibitor，paclitaxel respectively. Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances in Therapy of Borderline Ovarian Tumors WU Li-rui;JIANG Yan 2012, 39 (3):  254-256.  Abstract ( 1356 )   PDF (535KB) ( 4847 )   The borderline ovarian tumors（BOT）cover 10%-20% in epithelial ovarian tumors. The biological behaviour of BOT is between benign neoplasm and malignant tumor. They were low malignant tumors. In recently years，the scholars from domeslic and overseas considered that most of the BOT patients received excessive therapy. They think that patients who want pregnancy can have a conservative surgery. About the therapy of the BOT，there are many problems because of without accord criterion. We reviewed the staging surgery，conservative surgery，restaging surgery，laparoscopy and adjuvant therapy of BOT. Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances in the Study of Extraovarian Peritoneal Serous Papillary Carcinoma JIN Bi-hui;LIN Jun 2012, 39 (3):  257-261.  Abstract ( 1459 )   PDF (586KB) ( 4852 )   Extraovarian peritoneal serous papillary carcinoma is a kind of malignancy with its primary site in the peritoneum. The histological and cytological characteristics of the tumor resemble that of the ovarian papillary serous carcinoma. Its nidus is diffused in the perineum，but absent from the ovary or just superficially involved. The clinical manifestations of the patient are mainly non-specific symptoms of gastrointestinal tract，like the presentation of ovarian cancer in late stage. The definite diagnosis of extraovarian peritoneal serous papillary carcinoma is based on the pathologic manifestation and the events found in the surgery. The principle of treatment consists of cytoreductive surgery followed by cisplatin-based combined chemotherapy. In this review，we summarized the clinical manifestation，diagnosis and therapy of extraovarian peritoneal serous papillary carcinoma， to provide more evidence for future clinical application. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Advances of Cytokeratins and P16INK4a in Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia and Cervical Cancer LIU Wei;QU Quan-xin 2012, 39 (3):  262-264.  Abstract ( 1467 )   PDF (572KB) ( 4856 )   The cervical cancer is one of the common gynecologic malignant tumors，and in recent years the amount of the young patients has obviously risen. The cervical intraepithelial neoplasia（CIN）is closely related to cervical invasive carcinoma as a group of precancerous lesions，which is also an important stage in the cervical cancer progression. The proceeding from cervical intraepithelial neoplasia（CIN）to cervical cancer is a long period，so the effective diagnosis and treatments of CIN are the best way to prevent the cervical cancer. Some studies claimed that CK17 was a marker of the cervical stem cells and reflected the phenomena from immature to mature of cervical cell metaplasia. The expression level of CK8 and CK17 is related to the degree of CIN and cervical cancer. Analysis the expression level of CK8，CK17 can be as a predictor for the high-risk cases.The P16INK4a ′s abnormal methylation is related to the the clinical stages and pathological classification of cervical cancer. In terminal and high malignant degree′s tissues，its activities is obviously enhanced. This review will discuss the advances of cytokeratins and P16INK4a in the cervical cancer and CIN in terms of occurrence and development . Related Articles | Metrics

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The Distributional Characteristic and Clinical Significance of Female Pelvic Lymph Nodes FENG Lan-lan;ZHANG Jian-ping 2012, 39 (3):  265-267.  Abstract ( 1433 )   PDF (555KB) ( 4933 )   Lymphatic spread is an important metastatic pathway for cervical cancer. The classic radical hysterectomy could cause a high rate of long-term postoperative complications which were the results of surgical injury involving the pelvic autonomic nerves within the supporting ligaments of the cervix uteri. These complications seriously influenced the quality of life for the survivors. To avoid those complications，systematic nerve sparing radical hysterectomy（SNSRH）was proposed to treat early-stage cervical cancer currently. But whether SNSRH would remain some parametrial lymph nodes，which may influence the prognosis，was unclear. This article was to review the distributional characteristic and clinical significance of femal pelvic lymph nodes and parametrial lymph nodes，which could offer a surgical choice basis for early-stage cervical cancer patients. Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress in Etiology，Diagnosis，Treatment and Prognosis of Fetal Hydronephrosis DU Wen-xin;SONG Dian-rong 2012, 39 (3):  268-270.  Abstract ( 1418 )   PDF (662KB) ( 4787 )   Fetal hydronephrosis is one of the most common urinary tract finding on prenatal ultrasound diagnosis. With the popularity of prenatal ultrasonography and improvement of ultrasonic diagnosis technology，more fetal congenital malformations can be found. Fetal hydronephrosis has been divided into physiological and pathological hydronephrosis. Prenatal and postnatal management of hydronephrosis are both controversial. The prognosis of fetal hydronephrosis is closely related to etiology and degree of hydronephrosis. Related Articles | Metrics

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sFlt-1，PLGF and Their Role in Pathogensis and Prediction of Preeclampsia HE Shu-qiong;YAN Jian-ying 2012, 39 (3):  271-275.  Abstract ( 1721 )   PDF (620KB) ( 5691 )   sFlt-1 and Flt-1 belong to the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor（VEGFR），sFlt-1 competition binding with VEGF，completely abolished the biological activity of VEGF， inhabited angiogenesis and affected the vascular wall barrier integrity and permeability. Placental growth factor（PLGF） is a member of the VEGF family，PLGF binds with Flt-1 receptor，and promotes angiogenesis and trophoblast proliferation. These biological functions can be blocked by sFlt-1 receptor，sFlt-1 plays an important role in regulate PLGF. sFlt-1 concentrations are higher in preeclampsia serum and prior to the onset of the disease. Levels of PLGF are lower in preeclampsia serum compare to normal. sFlt-1 plays a major role in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia， it is unclear how hypoxia regulates placental sFlt-1 expression，maybe the PI3K-Akt pathway plays an important role in regulating the expression of sFlt-1. sFlt-1 and PLGF might be used as markers for predicting preeclampisa. Related Articles | Metrics

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New Advancement in the Treatments of Severe Hypertention in Pregnancies LI Qing;LIN Qi-de;DI Wen 2012, 39 (3):  276-280.  Abstract ( 1582 )   PDF (688KB) ( 4800 )   Hypertensive disorders of pregnancies remains a central public health concern throughout the world，and is a major cause of maternal mortality in the developing country. Acute severe hypertension may occur in different period of the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. In order to decrease the incidence of adverse vascular events，persistent severe hypertension must be treated effectively， particularly stroke or other central nervous system complications. However，when and which antihypertensive agents to use remain considerable.As far as what we are concerned，hydralazine and nifedipine are no longer the first choice，but labetalol and nicardipine may be a good choice. Related Articles | Metrics

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Histologic Response of Silk Protein-coated and Noncoated Low-weight Polypropylene in an Abdominal Hernia Rabbit Model ZHANG Rong;WU Qing-kai;LUO Lai-min 2012, 39 (3):  281-283.  Abstract ( 1543 )   PDF (2131KB) ( 4733 )   Objective：The purpose of this study was to determine whether the host tissue response in the abdominal hernia rabbit model differs in 2 polypropylene meshes（coated and noncoated）. Methods：24 piece of two different kind polypropylene meshes Gynemesh?誖 and Aspide?誖G819P mesh （coated and noncoated，6 for each Group） 30 mm×30 mm size for each were surgically implanted in six abdominal hernia rabbit model which had six abdominal wall defects for each. Four abdominal wall defects for Coated/noncoated Gynemesh?誖 and G819P mesh，two left as the control. Animas were killed 30（n=2），60（n=2）and 90（n=2） days after surgery. Full-thickness sections of abdominal wall were evaluated included macroscopical examination，histological and immunohistochemical analysis，for example，inflammation，neovascularization，fibroblastic proliferation and collagen formation. Results：Erosion of meshes did not occur in all animals. silk protein-coated low-weight polypropylene meshes induced a mild inflammatory response with minimal fibrosis and good host tissue incorporation within the grafts. Few apoptotic and necrotizing cell were found in noncoated meshes. Conclusions：Coated meshes elicit a mild foreign body reaction，minimal fibrotic response and good host tissue incorporation within the grafts，reducing the inflammatory reaction，fibrosis，tissue adhesion and the generation of mesh-related complication. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of GnRHa on Pregnancy Rate in Patients with Stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ Endometriosis Associated with Infertility After Laparoscopy Surgery CHEN Cai-rong;HU Qing-lan;GUO Xun;HUANG Hua-yi;GUO Xiao-yan;LIU Yong-zhu;JIN Yan 2012, 39 (3):  284-287.  Abstract ( 1676 )   PDF (716KB) ( 4796 )   Objective：To investigate the effect of GnRHa on pregnancy rate in patients with stage Ⅰ-Ⅱendometriosis（EMs） associated with infertility after laparoscopy surgery. Methods：Sixty infertility patients associated with stageⅠ-Ⅱ EMs who were diagnosed and treated by laparoscopy surgery and excluded the other causes of infertility were divided into GnRHa treatment group（n=30，group A）and HMG treatment group（n=30，group B）after surgery according to the willing of the patients. The patients in group A were treated by GnRHa injection three times，fourty days after the last injection the patients were treated by HMG with the dose of 37.5-112.5 IU every day according to the patients′age and the reserve of ovarian function. At the same time，the patients in group B were directly treated by HMG with the dose of 37.5-112.5 IU every day after the surgery. The ovulation induction sycles in both groups were limited to six sycles and all the patients were followed-up for 12 months after surgery or the last GnRHa injection to evaluate the effect of the different treatments on the pregnancy rate of one month、three months、six months and twelve months.and to observe the dysmenorrheal and the serum CA125 levels in patients to evaluate the relapse rates. Results：①In group A，the clinical pregnancy rate was 36.6%（11/30）in one month；the cumulative clinical pregnancy rates were 56.6%（17/30）、66.7%（20/30） and 76.7%（23/30）in three months、six months and twelve months，respectively. In group B，the clinical pregnancy rate was 16.7%（5/30）in one month；the cumulative clinical pregnancy rates were 30%（9/30）、36.7%（11/30） and 50.0%（15/30）in three months、six months and twelve months，respectively. The cumulative clinical pregnancy rates of group A in three months，six months，twelve months were significantly higher than those of group B. ②The serum CA125 levels in group A in three and six months after surgery was significantly lower than those in group B，and the dysmenorrheal recurrence rate of group A was significantly lower than that in group B in six and twelve months after laparoscopy surgery. Conclusions：GnRHa treatment after laparoscopy can delay the recurrence of EMs and can improve the pregnancy rate of patients with stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ endometriosis associated with infertility，and the ovulation induction cycles should not beyond six cycles. Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of Bolus and Integrate Changes of Gray-scale During the Treatment of Adenomyosis with High Intensity Focused Ultrasound YAN Li-mei;WANG Wen-liang;HE Jia;HE Min;HUANG Guo-hua;LI Ke-quan;ZHANG Lian 2012, 39 (3):  288-289.  Abstract ( 1311 )   PDF (2830KB) ( 4920 )   Objective：To compare the efficacy of different gray-scale changes in adenomyosis treatment by high intensity focused ultrasound（HIFU）. Methods：Retrospective analysis the gray-scale changes of 60 uterine adenomyosis patients treated with HIFU， compared the gray-scale changes with contrast MRI 1 day after treatment， analysis the relationship of different gray-scale changes compared with the treatment dosage，treatment time，intensity of treatment and non-contrast area of MRI. Results：There was no significant different of non-contrast area of contrast MRI between bolus and integrate changes of gray-scale（P＞0.05）. The contrast MRI shows no statistic difference of ablation ratio， volume of ablation and treatment intensity between these two groups 1 day after the therapy procedure， however， the treatment dosage and treatment time of integrate gray-scale change group was much more than the bolus gray-scale change group（P＜0.05）. There was no significant statistic difference of side effects between two groups（P＞0.05）. Conclusions：This study shows that the integrate gray-scale changes can reflect the HIFU ablation efficacy of uterine adenomyosis. To reduce the risk of treatment， there were no necessary to get bolus gray-scale changes during the therapy. Related Articles | Metrics

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M2 Macrophages Modulate Peritoneal Angiogenesis in Ovarian Cancer GUO Rong;CAO Xin-wei;WU Li;ZHANG Xiao-ren;WANG Kai;WANG Xi-peng 2012, 39 (3):  290-293.  Abstract ( 1568 )   PDF (3099KB) ( 4800 )   Objective：The aim of this study is to investigate whether M2 macrophages from ascites could induce angiogenesis in epithelial ovarian cancer（EOC）. Methods：Separated M2 macrophages from ascites，and then it was cultured and stimulated without FBS for 24 h，collected the conditional medium（M2 CM）. To evaluate the effects of M2 CM on the growth of EA.hy926，cell numbers was measured by crystal violet staining method after it co-culture with M2 CM. The effect of M2 CM on the migration of EA.hy926 cells was examined by using a transwell migration assay in 24-well Boyden chambers system（tm）. Production of tubular structures was an important process in angiogenesis，we investigated the effect of different conditional medium on EA.hy926 tube formation by capillary-like network formation assay. The supernatants of EA.hy926 cells co-cultured with different conditional medium were collected，then，the expressions of two cytokines（IL-8 and VEGF） were measured by ELISA. Results：① Incubation of EA.hy926 cells with M2 CM increased endothelial cell generation compared to untreated cells（P＜0.05）. ②In migration assay，EA.hy926 cells were shown more invasive cell numbers when the supernatant of M2 CM was used as chemoattractant （84.81±2.04），which was significantly more than that of negative control group（P＜0.001）. ③EA.hy926 cells treated with M2 CM resulted in a more extensive network of interconnecting tubes compared to control medium（P＜0.05）. ④Both IL-8 and VEGF secretion were up regulated after EA.hy926 cell co-cultured with M2 CM. After cultured with M2 CM for 48 hours，a significant increased amount of IL-8（1 570.45±118.645）ng/L were found in an ELISA in the culture supernatant，compared with that of the control medium（P＜0.001）；the amount of VEGF protein secreted（502.21±133.615）ng/L was also up-regulated（P＜0.001），determined in the same supernatant samples. Conclusions：The M2 macrophages from EOC ascites may induced EA.hy296 cell proliferation，migration and tube capillary-like formation via up-regulated the secretion of pro-angiogenic cytokines（eg.IL-8，VEGF）. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Relationship Between the Viral Load of HPV and TSLC-1 in the Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Cervical Lesions GAO Li;YANG Yong-xiu;LU Jia;YANG Ai-hong;FENG Hui-qin;XU Fei-xue 2012, 39 (3):  294-296.  Abstract ( 1541 )   PDF (733KB) ( 4912 )   Objective：To study the relationship of the viral load of HPV and TSLC-1 during the development of cervical squamous cancer. Methods：100 specimens of tissues which had been detected the viral load of HPV by HC-Ⅱ，including squamous carcinoma of the cervix，cervical intraepithelial neoplasia（CINs） and chronic cervicitis underwent immunehistochemistry to detect the expression of TSLC-1，and evaluated their correlations. Results：54 out of 100 samples were HPV DNA positive，the viral load of HPV were 1≤RLU/CO≤100（27/100），100-1 000（23/100），≥1 000（4/100），TSLC-1“-”（42/100），“+”（23/100），“++”（20/100） and“+++”（15/100）. Statistical analysis for the association of TSLC-1 and the viral load of HPV revealed that： the expression levels of TSLC-1 and the viral load of HPV showed a significant correlation（rs=0.586，P=0.000）.Conclusions：Down-regulation of TSLC-1 and the viral load of HPV showed a significant correlation during the pathogenesis of CIN and cervical squamous cell carcinoma，to detect both of them is helpful to calculated the tendency of cervical pathological changes. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Discussion of Establishing Human Endometrial Carcinoma Xenografts in Ovariectomized Nude Mice LI Ling;LIAO Qin-ping 2012, 39 (3):  297-299.  Abstract ( 1508 )   PDF (2967KB) ( 4827 )   Objective：To discuss the influence of total irradiation on the human endometrial carcinoma xenografts in the ovariectomized nude mice. Methods：One week after the ovariectomy，the female nude mice were randomly distributed into two groups：non-irradiated group and irradiated group. The endometrial cells，which had been cultured in vitro，was subcutaneously transplanted into the nude mice one week after the surgery，in the irradiated group the mice were exposed to 4 Gy of total body irradiation 3 h pior to injection with endometrial cells，in the non-irradiated group the mice were injected with endometrial cells in the same time.the mice weight，survival rate and tumor growth of both groups were observed，the diameters of tumors was measured and the volume of tumors was calculated. Results：The both groups have 100% tumor growth； the difference in tumor sizes is not significant（P＜0.05）. Conclusions：Total body irradiation did not affect the tumor-take rate on human endometrial carcinoma xenografts in ovariectomized nude mice, but increased the death rate of nude mices. Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression and Clinical Significance of Protein Gene Product 9.5 in Endometrial Cancer KONG Xiang-ju;KONG Xian-chao 2012, 39 (3):  300-301.  Abstract ( 1723 )   PDF (672KB) ( 4919 )   Objective：To investigate the expression of protein gene product 9.5（PGP9.5）in endometrial cancer，and to find out the relationship between its expression and carcinogenesis，invasion and metastasis of endometrial carcinoma. Methods：The expression of PGP9.5 was detected by immunohistochemistry（Envision two steps ） in 60 patients of endometrial carcinoma and 10 patients of normal uterine tissues． Results：Of 60 endometrial cancer specimens examined，45 cases（75.0%）showed staining with PGP9.5 in most tumor cells，whereas PGP9.5 expression was detected only in 2 cases（20%） normal epithelium． The results of immunohistochemistry revealed that there were significantly correlations between the expression of PGP9.5 and the stages，the degree of differentiation，and the occurrence of lymph node metastasis respectively（P＜0.05）；but there were no correlation between the expression of PGP9.5 and age，histopathologic type（P＞0.05）. Conclusions：PGP9.5 may play an important role in the invasion and metastasis of endometrial cancer，and the invasion of endometrial cancer could be detected by PGP9.5，which may be a useful molecular marker． Related Articles | Metrics

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Environmental Adverse Factors Exposure in Early Pregnancy and Embryo Loss CHEN Jun;CHEN Ya-qiong;HOU Hai-yan;ZOU Xiao-ping 2012, 39 (3):  302-305.  Abstract ( 1467 )   PDF (746KB) ( 4748 )   Objective：To study the association between environmental adverse factors exposure and embryo loss in early pregnancy， explore the probable risk factors for embryo growth and development and embryo abortion on life style and environmental aspect. Methods：Collect the new cases of embryo loss in four general hospitals of Tianjin from April 2009 to April 2010，select the women that have the request for abortion operation in normal pregnancy as control. A questionnaire was administered by trained interviewers for information about environmental adverse factors contact of wife and husband in and before pregnancy. Analysis probable environmental risk factors and confidential intervals of ORs for embryo loss in separate models， multiple linear regression and logistic regression model. Results：Cooking frequently during pregnancy， more daily traffic hours， decoration history in early pregnancy and toxic matter（pesticide， paint） contact of their husband during the three months before pregnancy may have adverse effects on embryo growth and development，while maternal education was a protective factor. Conclusions：Women exposed to traffic，cooking and decoration related environmental adverse factors will be potential threat to embryo normal development in early pregnancy. Related Articles | Metrics

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Transvaginal Ultrasonography Combined with VCI-C Plane and 3D-Glassbody Modality in Diagnosis of Ectopic Pregnancy PENG Fang-hua;WANG Dong-mei 2012, 39 (3):  306-307.  Abstract ( 1531 )   PDF (2950KB) ( 4840 )   Objective：To investigate the volume contrast imaging C-plane（ VCI-C plane）， 3-D Glassbody mode and transvaginal color Doppler ultrasound in diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy（EP）characteristic basis，in order to improve the accuracy of diagnosis of EP. Methods：188 patients with suspected early ectopic pregnancy，examined with 2-D transvaginal ultrasonography（combined with transabdominal ultrasonography necessary） and VCI-C plane + Glassbody model， to observe mass′ support artery distribution and spectrum. Results：Among the 188 cases，183 cases were diagnosed promptly.①The attachment area had the gestational sac visible within the embryo and/or yolk sac，there were 17 cases of fetal heart beat，9.0%. ②The Donut syndrome（tubal ring ），including 98 cases of Donut syndrome，52.1%. ③The attachment area can be explored mixed mass，sometimes accompanied by a small amount of fluid，including 60 cases， 31.9%. ④The other part is not typical case only with the pelvic cavity accumulates liquid，including 8 cases，4.3%. Diagnosis coincidence rate was 97.3%. Conclusions：Transuaginal sonography combined with CDFI/CDE can obtain ectopic pregnancy in the early diagnosis accurately and quickly，that's the good means. VCI-C plane ultrasound imaging combined with 3D-Glassbody imaging mode have a large amount of information，increasing the contrast resolution and signal to noise ratio，and can provide more detailed information than 2D. Related Articles | Metrics

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Relationship Between Air Pollution and Perineonate Death and Birth Defects in Tianjin CHEN Xiao;CHEN Ya-qiong;HOU Hai-yan;WANG Dan 2012, 39 (3):  308-310.  Abstract ( 1461 )   PDF (1031KB) ( 4775 )   Objective：To study the association between environmental air pollutants and perineonate mortality and birth defects by respective epidemiololgy investigation. Methods：Obtain the data of perineonate death and birth defects in national control monitor center and air quality data in environmental monitor centre of Tianjin from Jan 2002 to Dec 2007. Analyze the rate of birth defects, fetal death, stillbirth, newborn death within 7 days and induced abortion after gestation of 28 weeks for therapy in different months, seasons, heating-period and non-heating period, city and country. Statistic analysis method is used to study the risk of perineonate death exposed to higher levels of air pollution. Results：The rate of fetal death, stillbirth, newborn death within 7 days and induced abortion after gestation of 28 weeks for therapy in country is significantly higher than that in city（P＜0.001）. There is no significant difference between different seasons, heating and non-heating period（P＞0.05）. The rate of birth defects in spring（Mar, Apr, May）was the highest, while it is the lowest in summer（Jun, Jul, Aug）. Conclusions：Long-term malignant accumulated air pollutants exposure would increase the risk of birth defects and perineonate death. It is suggested that women who have high risk of abortion should not be pregnant in heating period with serious air pollution. Related Articles | Metrics