Abstract:

Caesarean scar defect (CSD) refers to the myometrial defect of the uterine scar after cesarean section, which causes the endometrial layer protrude to the myometrium and form a depression. Abnormal anatomical structures are formed due to poor healing of the scar, and a series of pathological changes have occurred over time, such as proliferation of fibrous tissue, formation of tortuous blood vessels, uneven distribution of hormone receptors, and inflammatory environment and other comorbidities. The pathological changes of CSD often cause complications such as abnormal vaginal bleeding, secondary infertility, dysmenorrhea and chronic pelvic pain, which affect the quality of life of women and cause great distress to patients with fertility requirements. Therefore, the diagnosis and treatment of CSD cannot be ignored in clinical work. The clinical related factors of CSD formation were analyzed, and the risk factors of CSD pathological changes were explored, so as to further study the relationship between CSD pathological changes and different complications, and better prevent, diagnose and treat CSD and its complications.

Key words: Uterus, Scar, Diverticulum, Cesarean section, Uterine hemorrhage, Infertility, Dysmenorrhea, Endometriosis