Abstract: Following hysterectomy for benign diseases with one or two ovaries preservation，a few patients develop residual ovarian syndrome（ROS） with the incidence of pelvic mass，pelvic pain，and dyspareunia. ROS is caused by pelvic adhesions after hysterectomy，ovarian dysfunction，and changes in the position of the ovary. The common pathological findings are involved with adnexitis，corpus luteum hematoma，follicular cysts，bleeding ovarian cysts，endometriosis，benign neoplasm and ovarian carcinoma. However，there is no indication of hysterectomy increasing the risk of residual ovarian cancer. Sugery types of hysterectomy have influence on the incidence of ROS. Suppression of ovulation by using drugs and surgery to remove residual ovaries are two general treatments for ROS. Advanced operation method for hysterectomy can help in prevention of ROS.

Key words: Residual ovarian syndrome, Ovariectomy, Ovarian diseases, Syndrome, Diagnosis, differential