Abstract: Human papillomavirus（HPV） infection is necessary to cervical precancerous lesion or cervical cancer. Vaginal microbial diversity might be related with persistence HPV infection status. A healthy female vaginal microbiome is defined as low diversity and dominated by one or two species of Lactobacillus. After the application of deep sequencing of barcoded bacterial 16SrRNA gene fragments, more and more researches reveal that increased vaginal microbial diversity with decreased proportion of Lactobacillus is associated with HPV infection and cervical diseases. Several microbiological biomarkers could interact with host cells and virus through different mechanisms, which lead to a local pro-inflammatory and immunosuppressive environment, thus resulting in persistence HPV infection and cervical disease. The restoration of balance of vaginal microbial environment, typically a Lactobacillus-dominated bacterial structure, could be a new approach to the treatment of HPV infection and related cervical disease in the future. This review aims to summarize the existed points of view concerning the influences of vaginal microbial diversity on HPV infection and cervical diseases.

Key words: Microbial consortia, Vagina, Papillomavirus infections, Papillomaviridae; , Uterine cervical neoplasms, Carcinoma