Abstract: Vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VAIN) is a line of precancerous lesions limited to the female vaginal epithelium. Current research suggests that HPV infection is the most important factor for VAIN. Continuous HPV infection is an independent risk factor for the progression of a VAIN disease. The patient is often subject to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) concomitantly. Because of the pervasion of thin-cytologic test (TCT), screening rate has been increased and an early diagnosis has been achieved to improve the diagnosis rate. Persistent lesion or relapse of CIN2+ after antiviral therapy and loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP), total hysterectomy becomes a treatment option caused by cervical or non-cervical factors. In the patients after total hysterectomy VAIN due to a variety of factors, such as the lack of specific clinical symptoms, limitation of lesions particularity and structure of the vagina, postoperative anatomical changes may result in delayed diagnosis and treatment, and there has been no clinical guidelines for the treatment of VAIN after total hysterectomy so far. This article reviews the progress of treatment of VAIN after total hysterectomy.

Key words: Hysterectomy, Vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia, Human papilloma virus