Abstract: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common metabolic complication during pregnancy, which seriously endangers the health of mother and infant. Its prevalence rate has been rising steadily in the past decades, and its exact etiology and pathogenesis are still not completely clear. Early detection of high-risk factors leading to GDM before pregnancy and in early pregnancy and taking targeted preventive measures is of great significance for the control of GDM. Current research suggests that the development of GDM involves many risk factors, including older age, overweight or obesity, etc. At the same time, more and more studies have proved that lifestyle, the history of polycystic ovary syndrome, serum vitamin D concentration, environmental exposure and genetic material are significantly related to the incidence of GDM. This article reviews the research progress of high risk factors of GDM.

Key words: Diabetes, gestational, Preconception care, Risk Factors, Pathogenesis