The Research Progress on Related Risk Factors and Treatment of Sleep Disorders in Perimenopausal and Postmenopausal Women

doi:10.12280/gjfckx.20240174

Abstract

Abstract:

Sleep disorder refers to abnormal sleep quantity, quality or some clinical symptoms occur during sleep, which seriously affects human function and health. The incidence of sleep disorders is positively correlated with age, and perimenopause in women is usually the turning point of female sleep due to the high incidence of menopause syndrome and metabolic related diseases. Sleep disorders in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women are characterized by difficulties in falling asleep, sleep maintenance disorders, daytime dysfunction, and anxiety and depression in severe cases. According to the related risk factors, symptomatic treatment, alleviate menopause-related symptoms, improve sleep quality, increase effective sleep time, restore social function, and improve the quality of life are the goals of the treating of perimenopausal sleep disorders. Therapeutic measures for perimenopausal and postmenopausal sleep disorders include non-drug therapy (sleep hygiene education, cognitive-behavior therapy for insomnia) and pharmacological therapy (menopausel hormone therapy, psychotropic and sedative hypnotic drugs, melatonin, traditional Chinese medicine, etc.). This article reviews the research progress on the risk factors and diagnosis and treatment of sleep disorders in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women.

Key words: Sleep disorders, Perimenopause, Postmenopause, Hormone replacement therapy, Risk factors

HE Fei, ZHOU Jian-hong, CHU Ke-tan. The Research Progress on Related Risk Factors and Treatment of Sleep Disorders in Perimenopausal and Postmenopausal Women[J]. Journal of International Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2024, 51(4): 412-416.

Figures/Tables 1

References 36

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类型	名称	优点	缺点	适用范围
主观测评	匹兹堡睡眠质量指数问卷（Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index，PSQI）	具有较好的内部一致性、重测信度、结构效度、内容效度，应用最广泛	不是根据失眠症的诊断标准而设计的，包含一些失眠症所不具有的症状评估内容，如抑郁、焦虑和感知压力	全部人群，包括器质性或非器质性睡眠障碍患者
	睡眠日记	使用、携带方便，成本低廉	近因效应（个人回忆最近发生的例子的倾向）和回忆偏见	评估青少年需至少1周，评估成人需2周，评估中老年人需3周
	Epworth嗜睡量表（Epworth Sleepiness Scale，ESS）	可以评价日间嗜睡严重程度	在白天特定情况下自评嗜睡程度，主观性较强	全部人群，尤其是怀疑阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停妇女
	睡眠障碍评定量表（Sleep Dysfunction Rating Scale， SDRS）	基本涵盖失眠症的症状，着重对失眠的严重程度进行总体评价	健康人群不适用，对失眠症的诊断效能未明确	非器质性睡眠障碍失眠症
	阿森斯失眠量表（Athens Insomnia Scale，AIS）	信效度和诊断效能较好，简洁实用	过去1个月内的睡眠质量和失眠情况，回忆偏见	非器质性睡眠障碍失眠症
客观测评	PSG	精确显示睡眠潜伏期、睡眠时相、睡眠周期和睡眠强度等指标，是判断睡眠障碍的黄金指标	检查耗时、操作复杂、价格昂贵，需专业的睡眠监测室和专门技术人员，难以广泛应用	未确定诊断，或治疗无效，或伴暴力及伤害行为的失眠；怀疑合并其他睡眠疾病的失眠
	体动记录仪	评估睡眠-觉醒节律	非失眠的常规检查	包括抑郁相关的昼夜节律变化或睡眠紊乱
	多次睡眠潜伏时间试验（multiple sleep latency test， MSLT）	可客观评定失眠患者日间觉醒程度和嗜睡倾向	单纯短期失眠或慢性失眠通常不适用，并非失眠的常规检查	日间嗜睡或有猝然跌倒病史的失眠患者
	神经功能影像学	采集人类脑功能活动方面的数据，具备无创性、非侵入性的优势	价格昂贵，并非失眠的常规检查	原发性失眠

类型	名称	优点	缺点	适用范围
主观测评	匹兹堡睡眠质量指数问卷（Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index，PSQI）	具有较好的内部一致性、重测信度、结构效度、内容效度，应用最广泛	不是根据失眠症的诊断标准而设计的，包含一些失眠症所不具有的症状评估内容，如抑郁、焦虑和感知压力	全部人群，包括器质性或非器质性睡眠障碍患者
	睡眠日记	使用、携带方便，成本低廉	近因效应（个人回忆最近发生的例子的倾向）和回忆偏见	评估青少年需至少1周，评估成人需2周，评估中老年人需3周
	Epworth嗜睡量表（Epworth Sleepiness Scale，ESS）	可以评价日间嗜睡严重程度	在白天特定情况下自评嗜睡程度，主观性较强	全部人群，尤其是怀疑阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停妇女
	睡眠障碍评定量表（Sleep Dysfunction Rating Scale， SDRS）	基本涵盖失眠症的症状，着重对失眠的严重程度进行总体评价	健康人群不适用，对失眠症的诊断效能未明确	非器质性睡眠障碍失眠症
	阿森斯失眠量表（Athens Insomnia Scale，AIS）	信效度和诊断效能较好，简洁实用	过去1个月内的睡眠质量和失眠情况，回忆偏见	非器质性睡眠障碍失眠症
客观测评	PSG	精确显示睡眠潜伏期、睡眠时相、睡眠周期和睡眠强度等指标，是判断睡眠障碍的黄金指标	检查耗时、操作复杂、价格昂贵，需专业的睡眠监测室和专门技术人员，难以广泛应用	未确定诊断，或治疗无效，或伴暴力及伤害行为的失眠；怀疑合并其他睡眠疾病的失眠
	体动记录仪	评估睡眠-觉醒节律	非失眠的常规检查	包括抑郁相关的昼夜节律变化或睡眠紊乱
	多次睡眠潜伏时间试验（multiple sleep latency test， MSLT）	可客观评定失眠患者日间觉醒程度和嗜睡倾向	单纯短期失眠或慢性失眠通常不适用，并非失眠的常规检查	日间嗜睡或有猝然跌倒病史的失眠患者
	神经功能影像学	采集人类脑功能活动方面的数据，具备无创性、非侵入性的优势	价格昂贵，并非失眠的常规检查	原发性失眠