Abstract: Polycystic ovary syndrome（PCOS）is a complicated，multi-system endocrine and metabolic disease. Its etiology is impaired by multiple genetics and environmental factors. Obesity is significantly higher in PCOS than average women. As a result，PCOS patients have obvious adipose tissue dysfunction and metabolic syndrome. With the recent in-depth study on adipocytokines secreted from adipose tissue，it was discovered that adiponectin and its receptors were closely related to insulin resistance and long-term cardiovascular disease in PCOS. High molecular weight adiponectin may be better to reflect the actual role of insulin resistance in PCOS. Polymorphism of adiponectin gene may be the susceptibility gene in PCOS. Thus，adiponectin has become the focus of PCOS research.

Key words: Polycystic ovary syndrome, Adiponectin, Receptors, adiponectin, Insulin, Polymorphism