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15 December 2017, Volume 44 Issue 6
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The Function of the Pathway of Protein SUMO Modification in Embryonic Development ZHANG Xiao-ling，ZHENG Jun 2017, 44 (6):  605-609.  Abstract ( 1046 )   PDF (780KB) ( 6628 )   SUMO modification is a reversible post-translational regulation of proteins. It resembles the three-dimensional structure of ubiquitin, but different functional outcomes derive from these two types of modification. It targets a variety of proteins within the nucleus, in the plasma membrane and cytoplasm of the cell. Numerous developmental proteins, including transcription factors and epigenetic regulators, have been identified as sumoylation substrates. It is covalently conjugated with specific lysine sites on target proteins through E1 activating enzymes, E2 binding enzymes and E3 ligase, and plays a regulatory role in cell function, such as controlling cell cycle, regulating transcription, regulating subcellular localization, etc. In recent years, several researches have uncovered many significant functions of the sumoylation in the early life of embryonic development. In the process of embryonic development, sumoylation involved in many molecular events in multiple aspects of the regulation of embryonic development, such as maintaining chromosome integrity and isolation, control of centromere aggregation and regulation of germ cell development and meiotic maturation etc. The review will generalize current information as to the function of sumoylation in the embryonic development. However, as the study has just been started, the full physiological function of the SUMO loop pathway in embryonic development remains to be further studied. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Pyroptosis of Trophoblast in Relation to Preeclampsia SUN Bai-yun，QIAO Dong-yan，YU Hong 2017, 44 (6):  610-613.  Abstract ( 1058 )   PDF (900KB) ( 6563 )   Preeclampsia (PE) is the normal complication during pregnancy, Which seriously influences the maternal-fetal outcomes. The mechanisms are not clear. Vascular endothelial injury and over-reaction of inflammation are believed to be the main pathogenesis. It has been found that there is a close relationship between trophoblast pyroptosis and PE. On the one hand, pyroptosis reduces the invasion of trophoblast, which infiltrating too shallow or restricted, leading to abnormal blood vessels recasting, maternal-fetal interface ischemia and hypoxia. On the other hand, the release of inflammatory factors induces immune cells gathered, activates excessive inflammatory reactions, damages endothelial cell, leading to the occurrence of PE. In this paper, The relationships of trophoblast pyroptosis and the pathogenesis of PE are summarized as follows. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Role of Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Pre-eclampsia ZHANG Mei-hua，WANG Xie-tong 2017, 44 (6):  614-617.  Abstract ( 900 )   PDF (646KB) ( 6459 )   Pre-eclampsia is a severe complication of pregnancy, which has complicated etiopathogenesis as well as unknown pathogenesis. The injury of vascular endothelial cells is one of the key factors in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Endothelial progenitor cells endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are precursor cells of endothelial cells, which can home to the site of injury and differentiate into mature endothelial cells, repair damaged blood vessels. The number and function of circulating EPCs during pregnancy may be related to the incidence of preeclampsia and the development of disease process. Release of inflammatory factors induced by ischemia and hypoxia, resulting in the proliferation, migration and differentiation ability of EPCs were decreased, and the ability of angiogenesis was weakened. The damaged endothelial cells can′t be repaired and replenished in time. Endothelial cell injury is aggravated and dysfunction, and then the clinical symptoms such as elevated blood pressure, proteinuria, edema and so on are appeared. EPCs transplantation may become a new method for clinical treatment of preeclampsia. The clarification of regulation factors and mechanism of EPCs will provide the basis for the application of EPCs in the treatment of preeclampsia. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on the Relationship between Anticardiolipin Antibodies and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes WU Qi，CHEN Dan-qing 2017, 44 (6):  618-621.  Abstract ( 1035 )   PDF (657KB) ( 6554 )   Antiphospholipid antibodies are a group of antibodies with specificity for binding to negatively charged phospholipids on the cell surface, including anticardiolipin antibodies, lupus coagulation inhibitor and anti-beta 2-glycoprotein I antibodies. They can cause a series of characteristic clinical symptoms, which are referred to as antiphospholipid syndrome. There is an international consensus on the classification criteria for definite antiphospholipid syndrome. Numerous studies have shown that anticardiolipin antibodies are associated with several adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as infertility, abortion, stillbirth, preeclampsia, placental insufficiency and so on. But its pathogenic mechanism is not yet clear. However, some investigators believe that anticardiolipin antibodies are not the main cause of adverse pregnancy outcomes. This paper focuses on the association between anticardiolipin antibodies and adverse pregnancy outcomes. And it also suggests investigators to optimize the experimental design and diagnostic criteria for classification, hopes to obtain more authoritative results using to guide clinical practice. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress of Lamivudine in the Treatment of Pregnant Women with Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection ZHANG Jing，WANG YU-ping 2017, 44 (6):  622-625.  Abstract ( 913 )   PDF (662KB) ( 6241 )   According to the WHO report, there are more than 2 billion people around the world have hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in the past or present serological evidence, of which 350 million are chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers. The earlier infection, the more likely to be a chronic hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carrier. The main reason of chronic HBV infection in China is a through maternal-neonatal transmission, including vertical transmission (intrauterine transmission, intrapartum transmission and breastfeeding) and daily contact. Due to the use of hepatitis B vaccine and hepatitis B immunoglobulin, perinatal transmission rate decreases from 90% to 10%, although accepted immunoprophylaxis, there are still 10%-15% of babies become chronic HBV infection through mother to child transmission development. Therefore it is particularly important to PMTCT. Lamivudine has been considered to be the effective drug for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B in pregnancy and is classified as pregnancy category C. More and more studies show that the start of antiviral therapy in late pregnancy to reduce maternal-neonatal transmission is effective and does not affect fetal development. This paper reviews on the use of lamivudine in pregnant women with chronic HBV infection. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Expression and Significance of AhR in Peripheral Blood and Chorionic Tissues of Embryo Damage DING Ying，WU Wei-guang 2017, 44 (6):  626-628.  Abstract ( 948 )   PDF (783KB) ( 6252 )   Objective：To investigate the role of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in embryo damage. Methods：30 cases with unexplained embryonic diapauses were selected as study group and 30 normal early pregnancy abortion women were selected as control group. The expression levels of AhR protein in peripheral blood were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expressions of AhR mRNA in chorionic tissue were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative-PCR, and the expressions of AhR protein in chorionic tissue were detected by Western blotting. Results：The expression levels of AhR protein in peripheral blood of study group and control group were (4.99±0.82) ng/mL and (3.11±0.79) ng/mL, respectively. Compared with control group, the expression of AhR protein in peripheral blood of study group was significantly higher (t=2.860, P=0.046). The expression levels of AhR mRNA in chorionic tissues of study group and control group were (2.84±0.51) and (1.53±0.49). Compared with control group, the expression level of AhR mRNA in chorionic tissues of study group was significantly higher (t=3.208，P=0.033). The expression levels of AhR protein in chorionic tissues of study group and control group were (0.85±0.11) and (0.61±0.09). Compared with control group, the expression level of AhR protein in chorionic tissues of study group was significantly higher (t=2.925, P=0.043). Conclusions：The expression of AhR in peripheral blood and chorionic tissues of patients with embryo damage were significantly increased, which may be related to unexplained embryo damage. Related Articles | Metrics

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Efficacy Evaluation of Bakri Balloon Tamponade and Uterine Compression Suture in Treatment of Postpartum Hemorrhage for Complete Placenta Previa during Cesarean Section MENG Zhen-ni，QUAN Si-jie，HUANG Yi -ying，YING Hao 2017, 44 (6):  629-632.  Abstract ( 924 )   PDF (763KB) ( 6438 )   Objective：To investigate the efficacy of Bakri balloon tamponade and uterine compression suture (UCS) in treating postpartum hemorrhage for complete placenta previa during cesarean section. Methods：A retrospective study of 93 patients divided into two groups based on different hemostasis: the Bakri balloon tamponade group (n=32) and the uterine compression suture group (n=61). Treatment effects were observed. Results：The operation time for intrauterine Bakri balloon tamponade was significant shorter than the UCS group (P＜0.05). Blood loss in the Bakri group was significant lower than the UCS group during the cesarean delivery (P＜0.05). 2 cases in the UCS group were failed and required hysterectomy, and 1 case in the Bakri group with uterine compression suture avoided a subsequent hysterectomy. Conclusions：Bakri balloon tamponade is an effective way to control postpartum hemorrhage due to complete placenta previa during cesarean section. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Impact of Improved New Labor to Reduce the Rate of Cesarean Section and the Outcome of the Mother and Child WANG Yun，YUE Yong-fei，HE Xiu-yu 2017, 44 (6):  633-635.  Abstract ( 888 )   PDF (786KB) ( 6281 )   Objective：To explore the impact of the implementation of improved new labor to reduce the rate of cesarean section and the outcome of the mother and child. Methods：The information of pregnant women were analyzed from January to June in 2012 (group A) and from January to June in 2016 (group B) in Suzhou Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University. Compared the cesarean section rate and the outcome of the mother and child between the two groups. Results：The total labor time in group A was higher than that in group B, but the difference was not statistically significant [(501.70±210.39)min vs. (496.42±254.21)min, P=0.941]. The incidence of the second labor over 2 hours in group A was lower than that in group B, the difference was statistically significant (1.38% vs. 3.84%, P＜0.001). The utilization rate of oxytocin, the rate of amniotomy, the rate of episiotomy and the rate of forceps delivery in group A were significantly higher than that in group B, the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.001). The cesarean section rate in group A was higher than that in group B, and the difference was statistically significant (6.56% vs. 3.41%, P＜0.001). The cesarean section rate of fetal distress in group A (2.37%) was higher than that in group B (1.20%), and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.001). The cesarean section rate of cephalopelvic disproportion in group A (4.05%) was higher than that in group B (1.98%) and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.001). The rate of macrosomia in group A (8.14%) was higher than that in group B (6.76%), and the difference was statistically significant (P=0.04). The difference was not statistically significant between the two groups on the amount of postpartum hemorrhage and the rate of neonatal asphyxia (P＞0.05). The rate of being in NICU rate in group B was higher than that of group A, and the difference was statistically significant (9.13% vs. 2.65%, P＜0.001). Conclusions：The implementation of new labor can significantly reduce cesarean section rate in the vaginal delivery process, and the second stage of labor may be extended, which does not increase the adverse outcome of mother and child as long as to strengthen the monitoring of fetal heart. Related Articles | Metrics

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Association between ERAP2 Gene rs2549782 Polymorphisms and Gestational Hypertension NIU Hui-yuan，JIN Xin，ZHANG Shu，ZHANG Li-ping，ZHU Xiao-hong，ZHOU Jie，GUO Hao-wei，XU Liang-yun，PAN Qiong 2017, 44 (6):  636-641.  Abstract ( 818 )   PDF (1346KB) ( 6310 )   Objective：To assess the association between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 2 (ERAP2) gene and hypertensive disease complicating pregnancy (HDCP) in ethnic Han Chinese in Huai′an area. Methods：100 Han Chinese with HDCP and 310 normal controls were enrolled． Genotypes of rs2549782 within ERAP2 gene was determined with matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). Results：Distribution of G and T allele showed no significant difference between the two groups (P=0.089), but the distributions of genotypes presented statistically significant difference (P=0.045). After adjusted for confounding factors, results from logistic regression analysis indicated that G allele, GT and GG genotype were risk factors for HDCP in Huai′an women population (OR=1.64, 95%CI: 1.09-2.47; OR=2.23, 95%CI: 1.01-4.07; OR=2.96, 95%CI: 1.20-7.31). Conclusions：This study suggested that rs2549782 polymorphism of the ERAP2 gene might be associated with GH in ethnic Han Chinese from Huai′an area, the G allele, GT and GG genotype might increase the risk for HDCP. Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical Study of Ursodeoxycholic Acid Combined with Low Molecular Weight Heparin Calcium Injection and Ademetionine 1，4-Butanedisulfonate in the Treatment of Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy CHEN Zhi-min，NIU Yang，LIU Xiao，ZHAO Shuang-yi 2017, 44 (6):  642-646.  Abstract ( 812 )   PDF (835KB) ( 6344 )   Objective：To observe the clinical efficacy of ursodeoxycholic acid combined with low molecular weight heparin calcium injection and adenosine methionine methionine in the treatment of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. The levels of serum bile acid (TBA), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were analyzed. Methods：According to different treatment methods, 135 patients with ICP were divided into A, B and C group (n=45). The three groups were treated by routine therapy. Group A patients with oral ursodeoxycholic acid tablets. On this basis, group B was injected with adenosylmethionine disulfonate. On group B basis, group C was injected with low molecular weight heparin calcium injection. The clinical efficacy and pregnancy status of the three groups were compared and the levels of TBA, ALT and AST were measured in all subjects before and after treatment. Results：After treatment, the clinical effective rate of group C was 93.33% higher than that of group A and B (P＜0.05). Before treatment, there was no significant difference in the score of itching between the three groups (P＞0.05). After treatment, the scores of the three groups were significantly lower than those before treatment (P＜0.05), and group C was lower than group A and B (P＜0.05), and group B was lower than group A (P＜0.05). Before treatment, there was no significant difference in the levels of TBA, ALT and AST between the three groups (P＞0.05). After treatment, the levels of TBA, ALT and AST in the three groups were significantly lower than those before treatment (P＜0.05), and group C was lower than group A and B (P＜0.05), and group B was lower than group A (P＜0.05). After treatment, the incidence of cesarean section, premature birth, fetal distress and amniotic fluid pollution in group C were lower than those in group A and B, and the overall incidence of group C was significantly lower than that of group A and B (P＜0.05). Conclusions：Ursodeoxycholic acid combined with low molecular weight heparin calcium injection and adenosine methionine methionine in the treatment of ICP patients with clinical efficacy is significant. And it can be more effective inrelieving the degree of pruritus, reducing serum TBA, ALT and AST levels, protecting the liver, reducing fetal distress and amniotic fluid Pollution and other circumstances, which is the clinical potential of the ideal program. 【Keywords】  Related Articles | Metrics

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The Potential Role of CD146 in Neovascularization of Endometriosis CUI Hong-yan，LIU Song-ping 2017, 44 (6):  650-654.  Abstract ( 918 )   PDF (711KB) ( 6271 )   Endometriosis (EMs) has become a global public health problem that affects about 30%-50% of childbearing age women in the world. Neonatal angiogenesis is a prerequisite for the formation of endometriosis. CD146 not only involved in inflammation regulation, recent studies have found that CD146 also involved in tumor neovascularization. Studies have shown that EMs in ectopic lesions of CD146 increased expression of healthy endometrium, suggesting that CD146 may be involved in the development of EMs, but the exact mechanism is unclear. In terms of neovascularization, abnormal expression of CD146 may play an important role in the development of EMs. Expression of CD146 on the surface of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can promote the differentiation of MSCs into vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), sCD146 binds angiomotin in EPC and up-regulates phosphorylated focal adhesion kinase (p-FAK), phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-AKT), phosphorylated stress-activated protein kinase (p-JNK) promotes endothelial cell proliferation and migration, and can also form a co-receptor with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) to enhance vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) -activated signal transduction to promote neovascularization. CD146 as a fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor to promote endothelial cell proliferation and migration; CD146 can also form a co-receptor with platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β (PDGFR-β) Receptors promote the formation of vascular tubular structures. 【Keywords】  Related Articles | Metrics

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The Incidence of Congenital Uterine Anomalies in Infertile Women PENG Yan-zhen，DUAN Hua，GUO Yin-shu，CHENG Jiu-mei，YE Hong，FU Feng-xian 2017, 44 (6):  655-658.  Abstract ( 886 )   PDF (681KB) ( 6221 )   Objective：Investigate the different incidence of congenital uterine abnormalities in infertile women. Methods：From January 2006 to January 2015, the outpatients who undergone hysteroscopy combined with ultrasound in Center of Minimally Invasive Gynecological Surgery of Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital were studied, the incidence of congenital uterine abnormalities in primary infertile women (920), secondary infertile women (722) and women with a history of spontaneous abortion (717) were observed and compared. Results：There were 494 cases diagnosed as congenital uterine abnormality. Among them, 408（82.59%） cases  were uterine septum, 34 (6.88%) cases were unicornuate uterus, 5 (1.01%) cases were uterus didelphys, 9 (1.82%) cases were bicornuate uterus, 30 (6.07%) cases were arcuate uterus and 8 cases (1.62%) were T-shaped uterus. The incidence of congenital uterine abnormalities in spontaneous abortion group [40.31% (289/717)] was higher than that of the other 2 groups, the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05). The incidence of congenital uterine abnormalities in primary infertility group [14.46% (133/920)] was higher than that of secondary infertility group [9.97% (72/722)], the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05). The incidence of septum uterus in spontaneous abortion group [36.26% (260/717)] was higher than that of the other 2 groups, the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05), but there was no statistically significant difference in incidence of septum uterus between the primary and the secondary infertility group. The incidence of bicornuate uterus in spontaneous abortion group (0.98%) was higher than that in secondary infertility group, the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05). The incidence of T-type uterus was highest in the primary infertility group (0.87%). There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of unicornuate uterus, arcuate uterus and didelphys uterus between 3 groups. Conclusions：Compared with infertile patients, congenital uterine abnormalities had higher incidence in spontaneous abortion patients, especially in bicornuate and uterine septum patients. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application Research of Perianesthesia Enhanced Recovery after Surgery Program in Patients of Laparoscopic Total Hysterectomy ZHANG Na，XIAO Shan-shan，WEN Na，SONG Xiu-mian 2017, 44 (6):  659-662.  Abstract ( 882 )   PDF (817KB) ( 6438 )   Objective：To investigate the effect of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) program used in patients undergoing laparoscopic hysterectomy. Methods：A retrospective analysis of 87 cases of laparoscopic total hysterectomy in China PLA General Hospital from January 2016 to January 2017 was selected. All patients were divided into two groups according to the recovery management. The observation group (42 cases) received the enhanced recovery after surgery program during the anesthesia period, and the control group (45 cases) received routine recovery management. There was no significant difference between the two groups in age, body mass index (BMI), history of abdominal surgery, operation time, intraoperative blood loss and disease constitution (P＞0.05). The indexes of postoperative recovery and the medical satisfaction between the two groups were observed and recorded. Results：The postoperative exhaust time, indwelling catheter time, mobilization time, average length of stay and average hospitalization expenses of the observation group were less than those of the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05). There were no significant differences in the incidence of complications between the two groups(P＞0.05). The medical satisfaction of the observation group was higher than that of the control group, the difference was statistically significant (90.5% vs. 73.3%, χ2=4.254, P=0.039). Conclusions：For patients undergoing laparoscopic hysterectomy, enhanced recovery program can accelerate postoperative recovery and improve medical satisfaction. 【Keywords】  Perioperative nursing；Laparoscopes；Gynecologic surgical procedures；Hysterectomy；Enhanced recovery after surgery；Recovery management Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical Study of Transcutaneous Acupoint Electrical Stimulation Combined with Pelvic Floor Muscle Training in the Treatment of Female Mild or Moderate Stress Urinary Incontinence WANG Yan-jiao，YANG Mei，QIN Dong-li，ZHU Yun-feng，ZHANG Huo-hua，SHI Qing，GAO Shan 2017, 44 (6):  663-666.  Abstract ( 1141 )   PDF (866KB) ( 6306 )   Objective：To investigate the clinical efficacy of percutaneous acupoint electrical stimulation combined with pelvic floor muscle training in the treatment of mild and moderate stress urinary incontinence in women. Methods：90 patients with mild and moderate stress urinary incontinence were enrolled in our department from July 2015 to December 2016. The patients were randomly divided into three groups. The patients were treated with transcutaneous acupoint electrical stimulation combined with pelvic floor muscle training group (combined group), rehabilitation group and pelvic floor muscle Kegel training group (training group). Using the middle hole, song bone hole, perineum hole, huiyang, zhongliao, zusanli and sanyinjiao holesfor electrical stimulation. After 6 weeks of treatment, three groups of patients improved urinary incontinence (ICI-Q-SF questionnaire), pelvic floor muscle strength. MVV, total urinary frequency (TOV) and total leakage events times (LT) were compared before and after treatment in groups. NDCC, MCC, PVLP and MCP were measured. Results：The ICI-Q-SF was used to evaluate the curative effect of three groups of patients (Z=6.872, P=0.032). The total effective rates in 3 groups were statistically significant (93.3%, 73.3%, 66.7%, χ2=6.686, P=0.035). There was no significant difference in pelvic floor muscle strength between the three groups before treatment (Z=1.876, P=0.391), while there was significant difference in pelvic floor muscle strength between the three groups after treatment (Z=19.300, P=0.000). In the combined group, the normal urinary bladder pressure test (NDCC), maximum bladder pressure test (MCC), urinary bladder leak pressure (PVLP) and maximal urethral closure pressure (MCP) were significantly higher than those of the pelvic floor rehabilitation group and Kegel training group (all P＜0.05). Conclusions：Transcutaneous acupoint electrical stimulation combined with pelvic floor muscle training is effective in the treatment of mild and moderate stress urinary incontinence in women, which is better than that of single program. Related Articles | Metrics

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eIF4E and Its Progress in Gynecologic Malignancies ZHENG Nan，TAN Wen-hua 2017, 44 (6):  667-670.  Abstract ( 956 )   PDF (664KB) ( 6196 )   The three common malignant tumors of female reproductive system are cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer, which are threatening the health of women. With continuous economical development of society, the pace of life is accelerating and the incidence rate of malignant diseases is increasing year by year. Eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) is one of the factors closely related to the occurrence and development of malignant tumors. It may specifically bind to the cap structure of mRNA 5′end and play an important role in the initiation of transcription, translation and mRNA production in cell nucleolus and cell proliferation. eIF4E activity regulated by factors such as the phosphorylation, the phosphorylation of translation inhibitory protein. The study founds that eIF4E is highly expressed in gynecologic malignancies can be expected as a new targeted biotherapy of gynecological malignant tumors, which assists in the diagnosis, early prevention and treatment of diseases. 【Keywords】  Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress of Sentinel Lymph Node in Endometrial Carcinoma WANG Tian，HU Yuan-jing 2017, 44 (6):  671-676.  Abstract ( 1125 )   PDF (881KB) ( 6504 )   Sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) mapping as a new technology can show suspicious metastasis of lymph nodes, the current treatment of endometrial carcinoma has a good application prospect, this paper reviews the existing literature of endometrial cancer sentinel lymph node, understanding the background of the sentinel lymph node and multiple recognition technology, application value and micrometastases, etc., and analyzes it with systematic lymphadenectomy for patients survival quality, the influence of the period, prognosis, is the future development direction of dispute and related problems. Conclusion: indoline green (ICG) cervical injection can accurately assess the state of pelvic and partial abdominal aortic lymph nodes, and the false negative rate can reach < 5%. The detection rate of the sentinel lymph node at the abdominal aorta was about <5%, and the probability of the metastasis of the abdominal aortic lymph node was about 0.8%-1%, and the metastasis probability of the patients with endometrial cancer and the high level was 3%. SLNS through pathology staging detection can well predict the small volume of lymph node metastasis (ITCs and micrometastases), small volume transfer patients have better prognosis, after treatment with auxiliary progression-free survival (should get rid of the word) incidence similar to not shift patients. SLN can improve the survival quality of patients, and low-grade endometrial carcinoma can only be resected with SLN, while patients with high risk factors are reasonable in SLN removal, but the safety is open to discussion. Related Articles | Metrics

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Researoh Progress of Olaparib as Targeted Therapeutics for Advanced Ovarian Cancer ZHONG Shan-shan，DI Wen 2017, 44 (6):  677-680.  Abstract ( 1255 )   PDF (716KB) ( 6405 )   The patients with advanced ovarian cancer have poor prognosis. The high mortality for patients with advanced ovarian cancer is attributable to the shortage of efficient therapeutic strategies. Poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitor is a novel type of antineoplastic targeting agent, which can cause BRCA-mutated cancer cells cannot repair the damaged DNA and result in cells death by "synthetic lethality" mechanism. Olaparib is one of the most widely studied PARP inhibitors, which is approved in the European Union and United States for the maintenance treatment of advanced, recurrent ovarian cancer associated with BRCA mutation and platinum sensitivity. Recent clinical trials have demonstrated the effective antineoplastic activity of olaparib as single agents and in combination with cytotoxic chemotherapy and molecular targeted agents, showing an increase of progression free survival (PFS) and well tolerability, exhibiting a promising application prospects. The review discusses the mechanism, clinical trials and adverse effects of olaparib in advanced ovarian tumor treatment． 【Keywords】  Ovarian neoplasms；Genes，BRCA1；Genes，BRCA2；Synthetic lethality Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances in Immunotherapy for Cervical Cancer ZENG Wan-qin，YIN Xia，DI Wen 2017, 44 (6):  681-685.  Abstract ( 1839 )   PDF (719KB) ( 9178 )   Closely related to human papilloma virus (HPV), cervical cancer is one of the most common gynecological malignancies that threatens women′s health. With the development of molecular biology and immunology, immunotherapy has become a new treatment modality for cervical cancer. HPV vaccines have already achieved remarkable effect in prophylaxis against cervical cancer. Many studies are exploring the safety and efficacy of immunotherapy in advanced, metastatic and recurrent cervical cancer which has dismal prognosis with conventional surgery and chemoradiation. Medications like recombinant vector vaccine ADXS11-001, anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody Nivolumab and Pembrolizumab are showing promising anti-tumor activity in preliminary clinical trials. At present, researches mainly focus on immunotherapy in concurrent with standard therapy or as adjuvant therapy in locally advanced cervical cancer, mono-immunotherapy or in combination with angiogenesis inhibitor or another immune agent in metastatic and recurrent cervical cancer, and developing novel HPV prophylactic vaccine. This paper briefly reviewed the progress of immunotherapy for cervical cancer from several aspects including vaccine immunotherapy, adoptive cell therapy, immune checkpoint inhibitor and dendritic cell immunotherapy. Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances in the Treatment of Vulvar Squamous Cell NI Xue，ZHANG San-yuan 2017, 44 (6):  686-689.  Abstract ( 1394 )   PDF (634KB) ( 6361 )   Vulvar cancer account for 3% to 5% of all female genital cancers. The commonest histological type is squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva. It is frequently found in postmenopausal women and increases with age. The early symptoms of squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva are not specific, and late symptoms of pruritus, pain, irritation and increased secretions can delay diagnosis and treatment. At present, the diagnosis is still based on biopsy, and biopsy of asymptomatic suspects is also necessary. For the treatment of early stage of squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva, surgical resection is usually performed, and radiotherapy, chemotherapy and targeted therapy are adopted in the later stage, because of the low morbidity, a standard treatment regimen has not been established. In recent years, there have been new progresses in surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and other fields for vulvar squamous cell carcinoma. So this article gives an overview on treatment of vulvar squamous carcinoma so as to provide reference for this disease. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry for Serum Biomarkers in Ovarian Cancer LIU Gui-fen，SONG Yi-yi，SUN Peng-ming，RUAN Guan-yu 2017, 44 (6):  690-694.  Abstract ( 1001 )   PDF (2223KB) ( 6228 )   Objective：To analyze the serum biomarkers of the ovarian cancer patients, to establish serum diagnosis models and to find potential biomarkers with MALDI-TOF-MS combined with WCX magnetic bead. Methods：8 healthy controls, 22 benign ovarian tumor, 16 borderline tumor, and 16 ovarian cancer patients were enrolled to pre-extract the serum samples using the MB-WCX kit. Then, Biomarker Wizard software was used to detect protein peaks and potential difference between these groups. Last comparing with CA125 in sensitivity and specificity. Results：A diagnostic pattern for borderline tumor from healthy controls using m/z 4 508.71 was established with 100% sensitivity and 62.5% specificity, for borderline tumor from benign healthy controls was 83.3% sensitivity and 72.8% specificity, and m/z 2 665.32 for ovarian cancer from borderline tumor was established with 100% sensitivity and 50.0% specificity. Further compared to traditional CA125 (sensitivity 76%), the sensitivity of this methods is higher (compared with normal control group was 100%, compared with benign tumor group of 83.3%). Conclusions：MALDI-TOF-MS can be used not only to establish serum diagnosis models, but also to search for potential biomarkers in ovarian cancer patients′ serum samples. 【Keywords】  Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical and Prognostic Characteristics of Ovarian Epithelial Carcinoma with Ovarian Endometriosis DU Hang，DENG Yan-jie 2017, 44 (6):  695-698.  Abstract ( 976 )   PDF (787KB) ( 6285 )   Objective：To investigate the clinical and prognostic characteristics of endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer (EAOC). Methods：One hundred and thirty-nine patients with epithelial ovarian cancer [ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) and ovarian endometrioid carcinoma (OEC)] who were treated and operated in Dalian Maternity Hospital from January 2004 to July 2017 were selected according to whether they were complicated with ovarian endometriosis (EMs) were divided into EAOC group (41 cases) and the other into non-EAOC group (98 cases), the clinical data were retrospectively analyzed and follow-up prognosis. Results：The onset age and the age of menarche in EAOC group were lower than those in non-EAOC group (all P＜0.05). The proportion of non-menopausal patients in EAOC group was higher than that in non-EAOC group ( χ2=5.806, P=0.023). The distribution of pregnancy was different, EAOC group was lower than non-EAOC group ( χ2=3.206, P=0.001). The incidence of dysmenorrhea and menstrual disorders in EAOC group was higher than that in non-EAOC group (all P＜0.05). Patients with non-EAOC had more abdominal discomfort than patients with EAOC ( χ2=6.645, P=0.013). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the serum CA-125 value and the maximum diameter of the mass (all P＞0.05). The FIGO staging distribution was different in patients with EAOC and non-EAOC ( χ2=2.497, P=0.013). The 5-year survival rate of EAOC group was higher than that of non-EAOC group ( χ2=4.304, P=0.038). Two groups of patients Log rank analysis ( χ2=4.916, P=0.028). Conclusions：Ovarian EAOC patients compare to simple ovarian epithelial cancer patients have the lower diagnosed age and lower age of menarche, the higher proportion of non-menopause, lower birth rate, dysmenorrhea and obvious menstrual disorders, earlier FIGO stage and better prognosis. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Clinical Significance of Detection of Serum Smac in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer XU Xin-ran，WANG Xin，ZHANG Hong，LIU Ming-yan，CHEN-Qi，CHEN Si-si 2017, 44 (6):  699-702.  Abstract ( 978 )   PDF (822KB) ( 6154 )   Objective：To investigate the clinical significance of serum Smac level in diagnosis and illness monitoring of epithelial ovarian carcinoma. Methods：The study collected 100 patients with ovary tumor who experienced  the surgical treatment in Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics from December 2015 to January 2017. According to the  pathological diagnosis of  benign and malignant, all seclected patients were divided into benign ovarian tumor group (n=40) and epithelial ovarian cancer group (n=60). In addition to seclect  the health control group (n=40) after medical examinationin in our hospital. Fasting serum were collected before and after surgery and chemotherapy. The level of serum Smac was detected by ELISA. Results：Serum Smac expression level in epithelial ovarian cancer was significantly lower than that of healthy controls and benign ovarian tumor group (P＜0.05). Accorrding to ROC curve, the critical value of serum Smac is determined to be 429.39 pmo/L. The Sensitivity of Smac single detection up to 91.67%, the specificity is 95%. The positive number of Smac in Ⅰ+Ⅱ phase was 14, the positive rate was 87.50%, the positive number of Smac in Ⅲ+Ⅳ phase was 41, the positive rate was 93.18%, the difference was not statistically significant (P＞0.05). Serum Smac was independent of age, pathological type, ascites, NLR and PLR, while it was associated with FIGO stage and lymph node metastasis. Smac expression level was higher than preoperative serum after the operation. The expression level of serum differences before and after the surgery were statistically significant (P=0.000), with the increase of number of chemotherapy, Smac level increased. Smac increased to normal at the end of the 2 period of chemotherapy. Conclusions：Serum Smac can be used to detect early ovarian cancer and may play an important role in differentiating benign and malignant ovarian tumors and monitoring the prognosis of postoperative ovarian cancer. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Effects of MicroRNA-10b on the Invasion and Migration in the Cervical Carcinoma Cells and Its Possible Mechanism TAO Bei-bei，ZHOU Wen-juan，ZHANG Ting 2017, 44 (6):  703-708.  Abstract ( 863 )   PDF (1375KB) ( 6204 )   Objective：To investigate the role of microRNA-10b in the cervical carcinoma and explore its possible mechanism. Methods：The expression levels of microRNA-10b in cervical carcinoma cell lines and the normal cervical epithelial cells were detected by the real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR). The microRNA-10b mimics/NC was transfected into the Caski cells and the microRNA-10b inhibitor/NC inhibitor was transfected into the HeLa cells by the liposome. The Transwell assay and wound-healing assay were used to determine the effects of microRNA-10b on the invasion and migration ability in the Caski and HeLa cells. The mRNA and protein levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) were analyzed by the real-time PCR and the Western blotting assay, respectively. Luciferase reporter assay was applied to detect the regulatory mechanism of microRNA-10b in the IGF-1R gene. Results：The expression levels of microRNA-10b in the cervical carcinoma cell lines were much lower than those in the normal cervical epithelial cells (P＜0.05). The up-regulation of microRNA-10b could decrease the invasion and migration ability of Caski cells (P＜0.05), and inhibit the mRNA and protein levels of IGF-1R (P＜0.05), while the downregulation of microRNA-10b could increase the invasion and migration ability of HeLa cells (P＜0.05), and increase the mRNA and protein levels of IGF-1R (P＜0.05). Besides, the up-regulation of microRNA-10b could decrease the luciferase activity of the reporter vector (containing the 5'untranslated region of IGF-1R gene) in the HEK-293T cells (P＜0.05). Conclusions：In cervical carcinoma cells, microRNA-10b could inhibit the cell invasion and migration capability, which may be the result of the down-regulation of IGF-1R gene. Related Articles | Metrics

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Diagnosis，Treatments and Prognosis of Intermediate Trophoblastic Tumors CHEN Si-si，ZHANG Hong 2017, 44 (6):  709-712.  Abstract ( 1043 )   PDF (659KB) ( 6253 )   Objective：To investigate the clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of intermediate trophoblastic tumors (ITTS), including the placental site trophoblastic tumor (PSTT), epithelioid trophoblastic tumor (ETT). Methods：A restrospective study was performed. Of 8 cases with ITTS. Results：Of the 8 patients, 1 was ETT, 1 coexisting with ETT and PSTT, 6 PSTT. Most of the first symptoms were menopause, irregular vaginal bleeding, abdominal pain, and a slight increase in human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) with blood, and ITTS was mostly confirmed by pathology. 5 cases were prepared to retain fertility (3 successful, 2  failed), the remaining 3 cases receiving total uterus + double appendage resection, of which 1 cases relapsed, after chemotherapy remission again. Conclusions：The diagnosis of ITTS should be combined with clinical features, pathological and immunohistochemical. The first choice is total hysterectomy. When there are high risk factors, chemotherapy should be combined. For young patients, with strong fertility restriction and limited foci can try to preserve fertility. The factors influencing prognosis of ITTS are not yet clear. Related Articles | Metrics