Abstract: The diagnosis and treatment of gynecological problems in pediatric and adolescent patients were challenging in the past. Due to its physiological and anatomical characteristics, a vaginal approach for the assessment of gynecological problems in these patients has always been a problem. Furthermore, when vaginal examination is needed, virginity might be a significant obstacle for the gynecologist in diagnosing and establishing the management. Recent advance in gynecological endoscopic procedure has made hysteroscopy a promising option in assessing gynecological disorders in these patients. Hysteroscope is a useful substitute for vaginoscopy and/or hysteroscopy in the exploration of the immature genital tract. It is a safe procedure because it can always be performed under visual control. The scope of the hysteroscope is advanced into the vagina without a speculum or tenaculum, so it can facilitate diagnosis and treatment of gynecological disorders in pediatric and adolescent patients with intact hymens, limited vaginal access, narrow vaginas. Recent studies have used a hysteroscope for vaginoscopy and hysteroscopy to diagnose and establish therapeutic management of pediatric and adolescent patients with gynecological problems without injury of the hymen in recent years, but most of these studies are limited in case report and small scale clinical research. This article evaluated the effectiveness and feasibility of the use of a hysteroscope for vaginoscopy and hysteroscopy in diagnosing and establishing therapeutic management of pediatric and adolescent patients with gynecological problems.

Key words: Hysteroscopy, Vaginoscopy, Pediatric, Adolescent, Genital diseases, female