Abstract: Objective：To analyze the characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of the polypoid adenomyoma (PA) of the uterus and to improve the understanding of the disease. Methods: A total of 48 patients with PA treated with hysteroscopy in gynecology department from February 2016 to February 2019 at Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University were collected, and their clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment were retrospectively analyzed. There were 26 cases of typical polypoid adenomyoma (TPA) and 22 cases of atypical polypoid adenomyoma (APA). Results: 48 patients were 26 to 72 years old, with a mean of (50.0±10.4) years old. There were 41 patients aged ≥ 40 years old, accounting for 85.42%; 22 menopausal patients, accounting for 45.83%. The BMI in the APA group was (26.3±3.9) kg/m2 and that in the TPA group was (24.0±4.0) kg/m2, the difference was statistically significant(P=0.046); 22 of the 48 patients (45.83%) had abnormal uterine bleeding symptoms, and 19 patients (39.58%) were found by physical examination. The fasting blood glucose level in the APA group was (5.8±0.7) mmol/L, and that of the TPA group was (5.4±0.6) mmol/L, the difference was statistically significant (P=0.043). Ultrasound showed that 24 patients (50%) could see intrauterine masses, and 21 patients (43.75%) showed uneven endometrial echo or thickening.  All 48 patients underwent hysteroscopic resection of lesions, and single lesions accounted for 83.33%. 21 patients with APA were given high-efficiency progestin for 3-6 months after operation.  One patient with APA had relapse, and was issued with total hysterectomy after followed up for one year. Conclusions: Most patients of the PA were middle-aged and elderly women over 40 years old. Abnormal uterine bleeding was the main clinical symptom. Most ultrasound examination of patients showed the intrauterine occupying lesions and the number of polyp was mainly single. Hysteroscopic surgery was proved to be safe and effective. High BMI and the fasting blood glucose level might be related to the incidence of APA and patients with APA should be closely followed.

Key words: Polypoid adenomyoma;, Endometrial neoplasms;, Body mass index;, Blood glucose, Hysteroscopy