Abstract:

Preeclampsia (PE) is a severe complication during pregnancy, and its pathogenesis involves the dynamic imbalance of multiple cell types and complex molecular networks at the maternal-fetal interface. However, the specific cellular and molecular mechanisms remain incompletely elucidated. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) can resolve the cellular composition and gene expression profiles of complex tissues at the single-cell level, providing a powerful tool for uncovering the cellular heterogeneity of PE. This review systematically summarized the progress in the application of scRNA-seq to studies of PE-related tissues, cell types, and gene expression changes. scRNA-seq analysis has revealed subtype-specific functional abnormalities of trophoblasts and molecular alterations related to immune evasion in placental tissues; in maternal peripheral blood, it has identified PE-characteristic immune cell subsets and demonstrated significant differences in immune cell types between early-onset and late-onset PE; in the myometrium and umbilical cord blood tissues, cellular atlases have been constructed, providing clues for understanding the multisystem involvement in PE. scRNA-seq holds potential applications in PE subtype classification, non-invasive biomarkers screening, and potential intervention targets identifying, thereby providing references for the precise diagnosis and treatment of PE.

Key words: Pre-eclampsia, Sequence analysis, RNA, Single-cell RNA sequencing, Placenta, Blood, Myometrium, Fetal blood