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    Research Progress of the Relationship between Chemoradiotherapy-Induced Tumor Cell Death and Tumor Repopulation
    CHEN Zhi-ru, DAI Lan
    Journal of International Obstetrics and Gynecology    2024, 51 (6): 648-653.   DOI: 10.12280/gjfckx.20240767
    Abstract162)   HTML31)    PDF (784KB)(955)      

    Tumor repopulation is the phenomenon of proliferation of residual tumor cells after cancer treatment, which is an important cause of treatment failure and tumor recurrence. The mechanism of tumor repopulation after radiotherapy or chemotherapy is extremely complex and is usually related to chemoradiotherapy-induced tumor cell death. After radiotherapy or chemotherapy, tumor cells may die in a variety of ways, including apoptosis, necrosis, autophagy, or pyroptosis. Studies have shown that tumor cell death may be associated with the tumor repopulation. On the one hand, they may directly affect the proliferation of residual tumor cells by regulating specific downstream signaling pathways. On the other hand, they may alter the functions of cancer-associated fibroblasts, immune cells, endothelial cells and other cells in the tumor microenvironment, then remodeling the tumor microenvironment in order to create conditions for the proliferation and metastasis of residual tumor cells. In this paper, we reviewed the relationship between tumor cell death and the repopulation of residual tumor cells after radiotherapy or chemotherapy, and analyzed the possible mechanisms of tumor repopulation from multiple perspectives, such as the mode of cell death and the tumor microenvironment, which is expected to provide a strategy for the prevention of cancer recurrence.

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    Mechanism Study of MAPK Pathway in PCOS and Monomeric Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine
    HU Die, REN Jia-jie, LIU Jia-ning, FENG Xiao-ling
    Journal of International Obstetrics and Gynecology    2024, 51 (6): 684-691.   DOI: 10.12280/gjfckx.20240713
    Abstract222)   HTML23)    PDF (2385KB)(672)      

    Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common and complex gynecological endocrine disorder that mainly affects women of childbearing age. Its main characteristics include ovulation disorders, insulin resistance and hyperandrogenemia. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway plays an important role in the occurrence of PCOS. It has been confirmed that the three classic MAPK pathways - extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 MAPK are closely related to the occurrence of PCOS. Once these pathways are abnormally activated, it will prompt the body to have a variety of adverse reactions and ultimately lead to PCOS. Specifically, it includes ovulation dysfunction, insulin resistance, elevated androgen levels, oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions. Studies have shown that a variety of traditional Chinese medicine monomers can regulate the activity and expression of MAPK signaling pathway-related proteins. These traditional Chinese medicine monomers include flavonoids, glycosides, terpenoids, alkaloids and polysaccharides. Through this modulation, they can effectively improve the pathophysiological process of PCOS patients, thus providing new ideas and methods for the treatment of PCOS.

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    Research Progress on Utilizing Single-Cell Sequencing Technology to Investigate Tumor Immune Microenvironment in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
    LI Dan-ning, WANG Xi-peng
    Journal of International Obstetrics and Gynecology    2024, 51 (6): 654-658.   DOI: 10.12280/gjfckx.20240814
    Abstract168)   HTML33)    PDF (751KB)(231)      

    Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) has the highest mortality rate among gynecological malignancies. The interactions between immune cells and tumor cells in the tumor immune microenvironment may form a vicious cycle, promoting tumor development. Therefore, in-depth exploration of the tumor immune microenvironment is crucial for developing immunotherapy strategies for EOC. Traditional high-throughput sequencing techniques can only detect average gene expression levels of cell populations, masking rare heterogeneous cells and limiting our comprehensive understanding of the complex tumor immune microenvironment. The advent of single-cell sequencing technology has overcome this limitation, revealing the heterogeneity of the EOC immune microenvironment at the individual cell level through high-resolution sequencing. This technology enables precise identification of different immune cell subsets, analysis of their developmental and differentiation pathways, and investigation of intercellular interactions. This review particularly focuses on the immune microenvironment characteristics of multiple sites in EOC, summarizes the application prospects of single-cell sequencing in guiding personalized immunotherapy and developing novel treatment strategies, and points out future research directions, providing important references for advancing immunotherapy.

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    Exploring the Basis of Depression and Pain in Premenstrual Dysphoria Disorder from the Perspective of Estrogen Fluctuations
    GAO Ming-zhou, GAO Dong-mei, MA Feng-jun, ZHANG Ke-xin, ZHANG Hao
    Journal of International Obstetrics and Gynecology    2024, 51 (6): 703-706.   DOI: 10.12280/gjfckx.20240660
    Abstract209)   HTML22)    PDF (725KB)(230)      

    Premenstrual dysphoria disorder (PMDD) is a common disease that endangers the health of women of childbearing age. with a high prevalence of suicidal tendencies in severe cases, and the sensitivity of ovarian steroid hormone fluctuations may be its core pathogenesis. In clinical practice, PMDD patients are plagued by both mental and physical symptoms, but previous studies have often focused on emotional changes such as depressive disorders, neglecting physical accompanying symptoms such as breast tenderness and migraine. Migraine itself is affected by fluctuations in female estrogen levels and exhibits different individual sensitivities, and the use of antidepressants in pain treatment can also be seen clinically. Previous studies have shown that depression pain may have a common pathological basis, and estrogen fluctuations regulate the pathological changes of both. This paper reviews the basis of depression-pain occurrence in PMDD from the perspective of estrogen fluctuations, in order to provide reference for exploring the core pathogenesis and promote the development of antidepressant pain comorbidity drugs.

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    A Brief Discussion on the Declining Reproductive Intention and Fertility among Chinese Women of Childbearing Age: Causes and Protective Strategies
    YANG Chen-xia, ZHOU Jian-zheng
    Journal of International Obstetrics and Gynecology    2025, 52 (1): 46-51.   DOI: 10.12280/gjfckx.20240968
    Abstract1546)   HTML85)    PDF (824KB)(212)      

    Data from the "Seventh National Population Census" indicates that China has entered a period of extremely low fertility, presenting severe challenges stemming from a low birth rate. While the implementation of the "three-child" policy has granted unprecedented reproductive freedom, it has not effectively stemmed the continuous decline in birth rates. Facing declining reproductive intentions and birth rates, along with population aging, various levels of government and relevant departments are actively researching and implementing supportive policies. This article explores the impact of factors such as the shrinking number of women of childbearing age, reduced willingness to marry and have children, and declining fertility on the declining birth rate under the current policy framework. Based on this analysis, we propose practical countermeasures aimed at protecting female fertility, improving the reproductive intention and scale among women of childbearing age, and ultimately increasing the overall fertility rate. These proposals aim to provide a basis for further optimization of fertility policies to address China′s current demographic challenges.

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    Progress in the Application of High Intensity Focused Ultrasound Technology in Obstetric and Gynecological Diseases
    LI Hui-min, HU Ya-li, ZHANG Sen-huai, MA Xiao-mei, XU Fei-xue
    Journal of International Obstetrics and Gynecology    2024, 51 (5): 486-491.   DOI: 10.12280/gjfckx.20240505
    Abstract244)   HTML61)    PDF (808KB)(145)      

    High intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) technology is a non-invasive thermal tissue ablation method that can achieve image-guided therapy and treatment control through magnetic resonance guided high intensity focused ultrasound (MRgHIFU) or ultrasound guided high intensity focused ultrasound (USgHIFU). HIFU offers the advantages of being non-invasive, non-ionizing, and associated with fewer post-treatment complications. As a non-surgical treatment modality, HIFU technology has been increasingly applied in the treatment of obstetric and gynecological diseases over the past decade. HIFU achieves tissue ablation through precise focusing of ultrasound energy and has demonstrated efficacy in treating conditions such as uterine fibroids, cervical lesions, adenomyosis, non-neoplastic epithelial disorders of the vulva, caesarean scar pregnancy, abdominal wall endometriosis, uterine arteriovenous fistula, twin reversed arterial perfusion sequence, among others. Its benefits include reduced complications, suitability for patients with surgical contraindications, and shorter recovery times, which is particularly significant for women who have not yet had children. Although HIFU shows a promising outlook in the treatment of obstetric and gynecological diseases, further research is needed to assess its long-term effectiveness and safety. In the future, HIFU is expected to become a new treatment option for gynecological diseases, benefiting more patients.

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    Advances in Uterine Leiomyosarcoma:Mapping Based on Genomics
    CHEN Xing-yu, WEI Ya-jing, LIANG Yan-chun
    Journal of International Obstetrics and Gynecology    2024, 51 (6): 641-647.   DOI: 10.12280/gjfckx.20240791
    Abstract193)   HTML37)    PDF (1900KB)(141)      

    Uterine leiomyosarcoma (uLMS) is one of the most common uterine sarcomas with features such as chromosome instability, strong invasiveness and poor prognosis. The diagnosis of uLMS is mainly based on histopathology, with a lack of specificity in other auxiliary examination techniques. In recent years,with the maturation of high-throughput sequencing technology, genomics has witnessed rapid development in the research on the pathogenesis of uLMS, uncovering multiple gene-specific molecular alterations such as gene upregulation, downregulation, mutations, and gene fusions. This review will systematically introduce the latest progress of uLMS in genomics research. The goal is to construct a multi-angle and multi-faceted heterogenetic map of uLMS, and provide basis and direction for the accurate and early diagnosis of uLMS at the molecular level as well.

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    A Case of Soft Tissue Metastasis in the Back from Cervical Cancer
    SONG Han, LIU Han-li, WANG Xi-bo
    Journal of International Obstetrics and Gynecology    2024, 51 (6): 672-675.   DOI: 10.12280/gjfckx.20240591
    Abstract205)   HTML43)    PDF (4473KB)(134)      

    Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer among women in the world, with common sites of distant metastasis including the lungs, bones, liver, and brain. Metastasis to soft tissues is very rare. The clinical manifestations of soft tissue metastasis typically present as hard, ill-defined, and poorly mobile masses accompanied by pain, numbness, and muscle weakness. We report a case of a married woman who presented with vaginal bleeding after sexual intercourse for more than a month and was diagnosed with cervical squamous cell carcinoma via cervical biopsy. In August 2023, after excluding surgical contraindications, she underwent radical hysterectomy, pelvic lymph node dissection, and paraaortic lymph node dissection under general anesthesia, followed by postoperative chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy. Five months postoperatively, a subcutaneous mass was found on the left side of the back, and biopsy revealed squamous cell carcinoma, suggesting a cervical origin. Given the progression of the disease, radical resection of the skeletal muscle soft tissue tumor was performed, and the treatment regimen was changed to radiotherapy, immunotherapy, combined with chemotherapy using paclitaxel and platinum-based drugs. As of the last follow-up, the patient′s condition was stable. Soft tissue metastasis of cervical cancer is rare, and the clinical symptoms are often not obvious. Early diagnosis is crucial for the prognosis of patients.

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    Hysterectomy by Transvaginal Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery Versus Laparoscopic for Large Uterus: A Retrospective Cohort Study
    HE Shan, HE Wen, HOU Tao
    Journal of International Obstetrics and Gynecology    2024, 51 (6): 712-716.   DOI: 10.12280/gjfckx.20240432
    Abstract203)   HTML32)    PDF (752KB)(133)      

    Objective: To investigate the safety and feasibility of transvaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (vNOTES) of by hysterectomy. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on clinical datas from patients who underwent total hysterectomy for benign uterine diseases at Meizhou People′s Hospital from June 2018 to December 2022. Patients with a uterine volume ≥300 cm3 and without uterine prolapse were divided into vNOTES group and traditional laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH) group based on the surgical approach. Comparative analysis was performed on the general index, perioperative index, and postoperative recovery index of the two groups. Results: The study included 47 cases in the vNOTES group and 215 cases in the TLH group. The uterine volume in the two groups were 426.03 (358.01, 531.43) cm3 and 436.14 (358.75, 579.05) cm3, and there was no statistically significant difference (P>0.05). There were no significant differences in surgical success rate, intraoperative blood loss, proportion of appendix resection surgeries, intraoperative and postoperative surgical complications, unplanned readmission within 30 days after surgery and postoperative anal exhaust time between the two groups (all P>0.05). The operation time, duration of catheter indwelling and postoperative hospital stay duration were shorter in the vNOTES group and there was a lower visual analogue scale pain score at 24 hours after surgery, these differences was statistically significant (all P<0.05). Conclusions: Hysterectomy by vNOTES is safe and feasible for benign diseases with non-prolapsed large uteri in terms of potential benefits such as reduced postoperative pain and enhanced recovery.

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    The Challenges and Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Obstetrics and Gynecology
    GAO Yu, LANG Jing-he, LI Lei
    Journal of International Obstetrics and Gynecology    2024, 51 (6): 601-606.   DOI: 10.12280/gjfckx.20240799
    Abstract219)   HTML327)    PDF (796KB)(119)      

    With the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) in the medicine field, the application of AI in obstetrics and gynecology is increasing. This review summarizes the progress in the application of AI in obstetrics and gynecology in the past decade, covering gynecology, obstetrics, reproductive medicine, surgery, education and research innovation. AI technology has achieved remarkable achievements in the fields of screening and diagnosis of gynecological tumors, treatment response assessment, patient care, and medical big data management, with its applications gradually expanding in diagnosing obstetric and gynecological diseases. The primary functions encompass image recognition and analysis, data mining, genomics and metabolomics research, and laboratory evaluations. Integrating AI into the obstetrics and gynecology education system can help enhance teaching efficiency and learning experience. AI-assisted laparoscopic skills training and operating room management have opened up new avenues for advancing surgical skills and deepening of clinical practice in obstetrics and gynecology. However, the extensive adoption of AI has also brought challenges, such as the bias and variability of datasets, privacy protection of patient, the transparency of machine learning models, and the potential dilution of traditional medical knowledge. To address these challenges, it is necessary to improve AI regulatory policies, promote multidisciplinary collaboration, and build large-scale datasets. Through these strategies, AI technology can be expected to fulfil greater potential in obstetrics and gynecology and provide higher quality medical services to patients.

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    Progress on the Relationship between Apoptosis and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes
    MA Ling, LI Ya-xi, ZHAO Min, WANG Jing, LI Hong-li
    Journal of International Obstetrics and Gynecology    2025, 52 (2): 121-126.   DOI: 10.12280/gjfckx.20241001
    Abstract354)   HTML478)    PDF (6014KB)(119)      

    Apoptosis is a programmed cell death that plays a crucial role in the physiological and pathological processes of pregnancy. Abnormal apoptosis, especially excessive apoptosis of trophoblast cells in the placenta, may lead to trophoblast dysfunction, abnormal vascular remodeling, increased oxidative stress, and immune imbalance, thereby cause adverse pregnancy outcomes such as recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA), pre-eclampsia (PE), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and preterm birth. The regulation of apoptosis is vital for pregnancy. In the RSA, p53-mediated apoptosis and abnormal expression of miR-184 and miR-27a disrupt the balance between trophoblast proliferation and apoptosis. In PE, the miR-4531/CX3CL1 signaling pathway is involved in the pathogenesis of PE by regulating vascular endothelial injury. In GDM, ghrelin shows potential therapeutic value by downregulating the endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling pathway. In preterm birth, endoplasmic reticulum stress induces apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells via the inositol-requiring enzyme 1α(IRE1α)/c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase(JNK) pathway. Future research needs to further explore its mechanisms and therapeutic targets to provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of adverse pregnancy outcomes.

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    Malignant Transformation of Ovarian and Tube Endometriosis into Clear Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report
    GUO Xi, LIU Si-min, WEI Jia, YANG Yong-xiu
    Journal of International Obstetrics and Gynecology    2024, 51 (6): 680-683.   DOI: 10.12280/gjfckx.20240598
    Abstract191)   HTML43)    PDF (2246KB)(110)      

    Endometriosis is a common gynecological disease, but the probability of malignant transformation is low, and the probability of malignant transformation of ovarian and fallopian tube endometriosis to clear cell carcinoma is lower, and there are few reports on this. Our hospital has found a case of ovarian and fallopian tube compound endometriosis malignant transformation into clear cell carcinoma. The patient was hospitalized due to abdominal distension. Imaging examination revealed huge pelvic masses and ascites, and multiple nodules in the omentum, which were considered to be metastatic. So, ovarian malignant tumor cytoreductive surgery was performed. The postoperative pathological biopsy was consistent with clear cell carcinoma, and the cancer foci were distributed in both fallopian tubes and the right ovary. Intravenous chemotherapy was performed postoperatively, in the first cycle, paclitaxel liposome and carboplatin were used, in the second cycle, bevacizumab was added to the original chemotherapy regimen for targeted therapy. Now the 6th cycle of chemotherapy, post chemotherapy evaluation has been done, there was no obvious adverse reaction, and no tumor recurrence or metastasis was found.

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    Progress in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pregnancy Complicated by Krukenberg Tumor
    HUANG Mo-ya, ZHAO Ya-qian, HE Yin-fang
    Journal of International Obstetrics and Gynecology    2024, 51 (5): 531-535.   DOI: 10.12280/gjfckx.20240516
    Abstract260)   HTML19)    PDF (681KB)(101)      

    Krukenburg tumor refers to an ovarian malignancy that metastasizes from a primary site, and its incidence is relatively low. Pregnancy complicated by Krukenberg tumor is even rarer in clinical practice, often associated with a poor prognosis. Most patients exhibit nonspecific early clinical symptoms, which are easily masked by physiological and hormonal changes during pregnancy, making early diagnosis challenging, leading to delayed diagnosis and missed optimal treatment timing. To date, there is no consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of pregnancy complicated by Krukenburg tumor. According to domestic and international studies, diagnosis should be confirmed based on clinical manifestations and imaging examinations, treatment should be individualized according to the patient′s condition, gestational age, maternal-fetal status. Therefore, more research is needed on this rare disease to provide recommendations for early detection, diagnosis and treatment methods. This review summarizes the progress in the diagnosis and treatment of Krukenberg tumor during pregnancy, providing a valuable reference for clinical practice.

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    Advances in the Pathogenesis of Fetal Growth Restriction by HMGA2
    HOU Chun-yan, DU Xiu-ping, WANG Hong-hong, HOU Yue-yang
    Journal of International Obstetrics and Gynecology    2025, 52 (2): 127-131.   DOI: 10.12280/gjfckx.20241066
    Abstract151)   HTML233)    PDF (4618KB)(101)      

    Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is one of the major pregnancy complications leading to stillbirth and adverse outcomes in newborns, with complex pathogenesis and limited clinical treatment. High-mobility group protein A2 (HMGA2), a non-histone chromatin protein, plays a key role in embryonic development, angiogenesis and apoptosis regulation. Recent studies have shown that HMGA2 may be involved in the pathological process of FGR by regulating angiogenesis, endothelial cell function and multi-organ development-related signalling pathways. This article reviews the research progress of HMGA2 in the pathogenesis of FGR and explores its potential role in placental function, foetal hypoxia tolerance and organ development, with aim of providing a new theoretical basis and intervention strategy for the early prediction, diagnosis and targeted treatment of FGR. The in-depth study of the function of HMGA2 and its regulatory network will not only helps to reveal the molecular mechanism of FGR, but also lays an important foundation for the development of precision medicine therapeutic solutions in the future.

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    Progress of Trop-2 and Targeted Trop-2 Antibody-Coupled Drugs in Gynecological Malignant Tumors
    BAI Yao-jun, WANG Si-yao, LING Fei-fei, ZHANG Sen-huai, LI Hong-li, LIU Chang
    Journal of International Obstetrics and Gynecology    2025, 52 (1): 1-7.   DOI: 10.12280/gjfckx.20240887
    Abstract288)   HTML388)    PDF (830KB)(100)      

    Cervical cancer, ovarian cancer and endometrial cancer are common gynecological malignancies with increasing incidence and younger age groups, which seriously threatens women′s health. Although the conditions of some patients can be improved after standardized treatment, a large proportion of patients still have deteriorating conditions and poor prognosis, and there is an urgent need to find new targets for precise treatment and improved prognosis. Trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 (Trop-2) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that is highly expressed in various tumor tissues, and plays an important role in the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of cervical, endometrial and ovarian cancers through cell surface receptor signaling, making it an important potential marker for early diagnosis, and can be used to access tumor progression and patient prognosis. In the therapeutic aspect, targeted therapeutic strategies such as antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) against Trop-2 have shown promising applications. For example, sacituzumab govitecan (SG), as an ADC targeting Trop-2, has achieved remarkable efficacy in the treatment of gynecological malignancies and has been incorporated into relevant clinical application guidelines. At present, a number of clinical trials of ADC drugs targeting Trop-2 are actively underway, and Trop-2 is expected to play an increasingly important role in the early detection and treatment of gynecological malignant tumors, and bring patients greater hope for survival.

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    Advances in the Etiological Research of Discordant Anomalies in Monozygotic Twins Pregnancy
    QIU Wan-ning, WEI Yuan
    Journal of International Obstetrics and Gynecology    2024, 51 (6): 607-610.   DOI: 10.12280/gjfckx.20240722
    Abstract186)   HTML219)    PDF (1181KB)(95)      

    Monozygotic twins originate from the early division of a single fertilized egg, theoretically possessing genetic homogeneity and consistency in the intrauterine environment, resulting in a high degree of phenotypic similarity. However, the observed inconsistencies in monozygotic twins pregnancy in clinical practice, such as one fetus developing normally while the other exhibits developmental abnormalities, suggest potentially complex mechanisms. By reviewing domestic and international literature, this paper summarizes the causes of these differences, including genetic factors such as mosaicism, de novo mutations, and chromosomal copy number variations, epigenetic factors covering differential DNA methylation and skewed X-chromosome inactivation, and intrauterine environmental factors involving gut microbiota and amniotic fluid environment, among others. For different disease phenotypes, clinical interventions such as elective fetal reduction, termination of pregnancy, or expectant management can be adopted. Reviewing the literature has enhanced the understanding of the developmental inconsistencies in monozygotic twins, which provides a scientific basis for the early prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of fetal diseases, and holds clinical guidance significance.

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    A Case of Recurrent Uterine Smooth Muscle Tumor of Uncertain Malignant Potential Underwent Hysterectomy after Hysteroscopic Lesion Resection
    LUO Na, CHEN Yan
    Journal of International Obstetrics and Gynecology    2025, 52 (1): 42-45.   DOI: 10.12280/gjfckx.20240719
    Abstract224)   HTML68)    PDF (1534KB)(94)      

    Uterine smooth muscle tumor of uncertain malignant potential (STUMP) is a kind of uterine smooth muscle tumor that can′t be clearly diagnosed as benign or malignant, dut to its the complexity of the diagnosis, the current diagnostic criteria are inconsistent, more clinical research reports are needed to provide better evidence-based medical evidence for its diagnosis, therapy and prognosis. We report a case of a patient who underwent hysteroscopy for a dominant lesion in the uterine cavity. Type 0 submucous fibroid was considered during the operation, and was resected. STUMP was diagnosed by pathology after the operation, and hysterectomy was performed 2 months after the operation. Retrospective analysis of this case suggests that the preoperative diagnosis of STUMP is not specific, postoperative pathological diagnosis is complicated, postoperative recurrence may occur in a short time after operation, emphasizing that regular and close follow-up is particularly important.

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    Successful Delivery after Pharmacological Expectant Management without the Opportunity for Emergency Cervical Cerclage: A Case Report
    LIU Ya-xin, ZHANG Shu-ning, CHEN Xiao-jun, YU Yi-si, FU Shuai
    Journal of International Obstetrics and Gynecology    2024, 51 (5): 552-555.   DOI: 10.12280/gjfckx.20240452
    Abstract259)   HTML17)    PDF (1817KB)(92)      

    Cervical incompetence is a significant factor leading to recurrent mid-trimester miscarriages and preterm births, resulting in serious complications for preterm infants and neonatal mortality, which can severely impact the physical and mental health of women of childbearing age and their families. This paper reports a case of a pregnant woman who had previously undergone hysteroscopic septum resection and cold knife conization of the cervix. During her pregnancy, cervical length was not monitored, and at 24+3 weeks of gestation, painless cervical dilation was discovered, with the amniotic sac prolapsing into the vagina. Due to the inability to palpate the cervical edge during speculum and vaginal examinations, an emergency cervical cerclage could not be performed. The patient was managed with antibiotics, tocolytics, and other medications for expectant management until preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) occurred at 29+5 weeks, leading to oligohydramnios. An emergency cesarean section was performed, resulting in the successful delivery of a live infant who was eventually discharged home. This case review summarizes the clinical management and highlights recent advancements in the diagnosis and treatment of cervical incompetence, providing a new treatment option for similar cases in clinical practice.

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    Relationship between Vaginal Epithelial Injury Repair and Microecological Environment
    CHEN Shu-lin, QIAO Qiao
    Journal of International Obstetrics and Gynecology    2025, 52 (1): 52-56.   DOI: 10.12280/gjfckx.20240880
    Abstract168)   HTML68)    PDF (607KB)(83)      

    Vaginitis is a common disease in obstetrics and gynecology, and its incidence is increasing year by year. The research of vaginal microecological environment has promoted clinical understanding of the pathogenesis of vaginitis and optimized the corresponding treatment protocols. However, at this stage, the treatment of vaginitis still faces the dilemma of unsatisfactory efficacy and high recurrence rate. With the in-depth research of the vaginal microecological environment, it is found that the development of vaginitis is closely related to vaginal epithelial cells, and microorganisms, their metabolites, and inflammatory reactions will directly or indirectly act on vaginal epithelial cells, which in turn affect the vaginal microecological environment. In recent years, scholars at home and abroad have proposed that vitamin D and estrogen have a positive effect on the repair of vaginal epithelial cells. Discussing the pathogenesis of vaginitis from the damage and repair of epithelial cells in the vaginal microenvironment may provide new ideas to improve the cure rate and reduce the recurrence rate of vaginitis.

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    Research Progress on High-Risk Factors for Postpartum Pelvic Floor Dysfunction
    LIN Huan-yu, YU Min, LU Xu-hong
    Journal of International Obstetrics and Gynecology    2024, 51 (6): 620-623.   DOI: 10.12280/gjfckx.20240762
    Abstract200)   HTML42)    PDF (718KB)(80)      

    Pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) is caused by degenerative changes and injuries to the supporting tissues of the pelvic floor, resulting in relaxation of the supporting tissues, which leads to the displacement of the pelvic organs and a series of diseases, mainly including sexual dysfunction, pelvic organ prolapse, fecal incontinence, urinary incontinence, etc., which brings a huge economic and psychological burden to the patients and their families. Due to the lack of awareness of PFD and limited understanding of treatment options, the disease seriously affects women′s quality of life and is often overlooked. Therefore, the search for risk factors contributing to the development of PFD can help prevent the disease, slow its progression, and improve the prognosis. It is widely accepted that PFD may be associated with mode of delivery, fetal size, body mass index (BMI), prolongation of the second stage of labor, maternal age, gestational diabetes mellitus, number of deliveries, and hormone levels, but the findings are inconsistent. The above risk factors for postpartum PFD are reviewed to gain a deeper understanding of their mechanisms and to provide clinical decision support for obstetricians and gynecologists.

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