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Research Progress in Relationship and Pathogenesis between Glucose Metabolism and Cervical Cancer MA Jian-hong, GAO Ya-ting, WAN Zi-hua, LIU Chang Journal of International Obstetrics and Gynecology    2023, 50 (3): 275-280.   DOI: 10.12280/gjfckx.20230060 Abstract （1147）   HTML （34）    PDF （742KB）（7519）       Knowledge map    Cervical cancer is the most common malignant tumor of the reproductive system among women in China. Its incidence is gradually becoming younger, posing a serious threat to women′s life and health. Several studies have shown that energy metabolism is reprogramming in cervical cancer cells, which glycolysis is used to provide biological energy even if oxygen is sufficient. This change is closely related to multiple glycolytic enzymes, transporter proteins, regulatory molecules and specific signaling pathways. Alteration of glucose metabolism promotes malignant processes such as growth, proliferation, migration and invasion through different mechanisms in cervical cancer cells, and affects the sensitivity of the patients to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Analysis of the expression of proteins related to this metabolic process can predict the prognosis of cervical cancer, and blocking its expression may have anti-cancer effects. Therefore, glycolytic metabolism-related proteins are expected to be potential targets for cervical cancer treatment. This paper reviews the pathological mechanism that glucose metabolism involves in the development and progression of cervical cancer, so as to explore novel therapeutic strategies for energy metabolism, and also provides basis for improving therapeutic prospect and prolonging the survival of the patients. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on DNA Methylation in Predicting Cervical Cancer and Precancerous Lesions WU Ruo-Lan, QIU Li-hua Journal of International Obstetrics and Gynecology    2023, 50 (3): 281-285.   DOI: 10.12280/gjfckx.20230135 Abstract （1268）   HTML （26）    PDF （702KB）（3981）       Knowledge map    In recent years, with the popularization of early screening, the incidence and mortality rate of cervical cancer in China have decreased. Cytological examination and high-risk human papilloma virus(HPV) test are common screening methods for cervical cancer at present, but they both have their limitations. Cytological examination may lead to missed diagnosis, while high-risk HPV test may lead to over-diagnosis and over-treatment. Therefore, it is necessary to explore a new screening or triage method for cervical cancer. DNA methylation is a common epigenetic modality. With the development of DNA methylation detection technology, DNA methylation has played an increasingly important role in the field of oncology diagnosis and treatment. In recent years, a large amount of DNA methylation genes has been found as markers of cervical cancer, which have a promising application in cervical cancer screening and triage, and have the advantages of prognosis prediction and convenient sampling. DNA methylation is beneficial for the early diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancer. This article reviews the research progress of DNA methylation in cervical cancer and precancerous lesions. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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NR5A1 Mutation in 46,XY Disorders of Sex Development Combined with Obesity and Hyperinsulinemia: A Case Report CHEN Chen, TANG Zhong-yun, LI Min, ZHANG Ying-chun Journal of International Obstetrics and Gynecology    2023, 50 (3): 271-274.   DOI: 10.12280/gjfckx.20230049 Abstract （928）   HTML （14）    PDF （1087KB）（3973）       Knowledge map    46,XY disorders of sex development (DSD) are congenital disorder in which the genetic sex, phenotypic sex, and gonadal sex is inconsistent, and the key to confirming the diagnosis of the disorder is genetic testing. A retrospective analysis of a patient with 46,XY DSD, who was female by gender and was seen for abnormal gonadal development found on physical examination. The patient 46,XY DSD was combined with obesity and hyperinsulinemia, and the causative gene was steroidogenic factor 1 (SF-1 or NR5A1) with mutation locus c.1095_1096insTCGG (p.Q366Sfs*22), which was genetically analyzed, and the mutation due to this locus may be associated with obesity and diabetes mellitus. Perform laparoscopic bilateral cryptorchidism, vulvoplasty and clitoral resection to maintain the female gender of the patient. The detection of the cause from the genetic perspective may provide guidance and basis for the clinical management of 46,XY DSD. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Role of STING Signaling Pathway in HPV-Related Malignant Tumors ZHANG Zhan, LIU Zhao-hui Journal of International Obstetrics and Gynecology    2023, 50 (1): 30-34.   DOI: 10.12280/gjfckx.20220376 Abstract （1276）   HTML （29）    PDF （696KB）（3968）       Knowledge map    Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling pathway is a natural immune pathway, which can be activated by bacterial or viral DNA fragments in cytoplasm to promote type I interferon production through a series of downstream signaling pathways. It is a central part of the human anti-tumor immunity. Previous studies have found that STING expression was up-regulated in some human papilloma virus (HPV)-positive tumor tissues, and high expression of STING was associated with a better prognosis of tumor patients. We could observed remarkable regression of tumor when injecting STING agonists into tumor tissues. However, other studies believe that the immune escape of HPV could interfere with STING signaling pathways and other natural immune pathways at the transcriptional level, promote epigenetic silencing and autophagy degradation of STING, thus creating an immunosuppressive microenvironment of tumor and promoting tumor growth. Herein we will systematically elaborate the role of STING signaling pathway in HPV-positive malignant tumors and analyze the potential therapeutic value of STING agonists in HPV-positive tumors. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Animal Models of Pelvic Floor Dysfunctions and Biomechanical Measurements WANG Zhao, PING Yi Journal of International Obstetrics and Gynecology    2022, 49 (5): 502-506.   DOI: 10.12280/gjfckx.20220278 Abstract （1607）   HTML （50）    PDF （690KB）（3857）       Knowledge map    Pelvic floor dysfunctions (PFD) have become a public health problem that is increasingly harmful to women′s health, and its pathogenesis has not yet been fully understood. Because human trials are constrained by medical ethics, animal models are particularly important as a powerful tool for exploring PFD. The current animal models of PFD are roughly divided into rodents, small mammals, large mammals and nonhuman primates according to different species. By researching the status quo, it is found that among the four types of animals, rodent models are the most used, and nonhuman primate models are the most ideal. Simulating childbirth is the primary modeling method and genetic technology can be used to construct animal models with specific properties. Biomechanical measurements provide objective data for the pathology of pelvic floor injury and the evaluation of treatment effects, which can further optimize animal models and will provide more help for exploring the pathogenesis and treatment methods of PFD. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application Progress of Tissue Clearing Three-Dimensional Imaging Technology in Ovarian Tissue CHEN Ying, HUANG Jin-zhi, WU Ke-feng, LI Qian Journal of International Obstetrics and Gynecology    2022, 49 (5): 492-496.   DOI: 10.12280/gjfckx.20220292 Abstract （1772）   HTML （109）    PDF （719KB）（3673）       Knowledge map    The ovaries are important organs of the mammalian reproductive system, and the understanding of the ovaries is mostly at the two-dimensional level. The rapid development of tissue clearing three-dimensional imaging technology provides an advanced platform for three-dimensional D visualization of the ovaries, which not only can be used to comprehensively image the normal and pathological ovarian tissues through tissue clearing and optical imaging microscopy techniques and explore ovarian tissue and its relationship with the vasculature and nervous system from the cellular or subcellular unit level, but also reveal the spatial relationship and structural characteristics of ovarian tissue. This technique can also analyze the three-dimensional structure and growth pattern of ovarian tumors, and study the density, integrity and morphological heterogeneity of the vasculature and nervous system, providing direction for the treatment and prognosis of ovarian tumors. In this article, we review the application progress of tissue clearing three-dimensional imaging technology in mammalian ovarian tissue, with a view to gaining a deeper understanding of ovarian tissue. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical Application of Mussel Adhesive Proteins Dressing in Wound Repair and Vaginal Microecological Recovery after Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure WEI Ying-ting, YANG Bin-lie, HUANG Li-xia, GU Li-ying, HONG Zu-bei, WANG Yu-hua, QIU Li-hua Journal of International Obstetrics and Gynecology    2022, 49 (5): 507-510.   DOI: 10.12280/gjfckx.20220506 Abstract （2214）   HTML （55）    PDF （826KB）（3616）       Knowledge map    Objective: To evaluate the clinical application value of mussel adhesive proteins (MAP) dressing in wound repair and vaginal microecological recovery after loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP). Methods: Patients who underwent LEEP for pathological diagnosis of cervical squamous intraepithelial diseases from November 2020 to April 2021 were randomly divided into 30 MAP group and 30 placebo control group without MAP. Wound healing was compared between the two groups at the 3rd week after surgery and vaginal microecological changes were compared between the two groups at the 5th week after surgery. Results: At the 3rd week after LEEP, the proportion of wound healing in the MAP group was significantly higher than that in the control group (53.33% vs. 13.33%, P=0.001). At the 5th week after LEEP, the vaginal microecology of the MAP group was significantly improved compared with that of the control group (66.67% vs. 3.33%, P=0.000). Conclusions: MAP dressing can effectively shorten the wound healing time after LEEP and improve vaginal microecology. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Role of S100 Protein in Endometriosis DUAN Yu-han, LI Nan, CHEN Lei, ZHANG Kun Journal of International Obstetrics and Gynecology    2022, 49 (5): 486-491.   DOI: 10.12280/gjfckx.20220524 Abstract （1915）   HTML （125）    PDF （755KB）（3577）       Knowledge map    The S100 protein family is a family of 25 members of calcium-binding proteins that bind to Ca2+ and perform biological functions inside and outside the cell, regulating various cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, inflammation, migration and invasion, apoptosis, Ca2+ homeostasis and energy metabolism. They are closely associated with the development of many cancers, inflammatory diseases and immune disorders. Endometriosis (EMs) has a complex pathogenesis and is a chronic inflammatory disease that can cause pelvic pain and infertility. There are no accurate and easily accessible early non-invasive diagnostic methods and clear therapeutic targets. Studies have shown that S100B, S100A7 and S100A8 can participate in the inflammatory response by activating the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway; S10013 can participate in neovascularization and promotes disease progression by synergizing with other pro-angiogenic factors; S100A4, S100A6 and S100P may induce cell migration and invasion through Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and/or p38 MAPK signaling pathway. The research progress on the role of S100 protein family in the pathogenesis and diagnosis of EMs is reviewed to provide ideas for further applications of S100 proteins in EMs, and to provide references for the search of potential early diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Treatment of Postpartum Hemorrhage FENG Qiang, ZHANG Yue-xiang Journal of International Obstetrics and Gynecology    2022, 49 (5): 574-579.   DOI: 10.12280/gjfckx.20220269 Abstract （1453）   HTML （34）    PDF （806KB）（3553）       Knowledge map    Postpartum hemorrhage is the leading cause of maternal death in China. The main factors leading to postpartum hemorrhage are uterine atony, genital tract trauma, placental factors, anemia and coagulation dysfunction. In recent years, due to the adjustment of China′s birth policy, the average age of pregnant women has gradually increased, and the incidence and severity of postpartum hemorrhage are also on the rise. Medical institutions should identify postpartum hemorrhage according to the actual situation of the parturient, pay attention to the analysis of the causes of postpartum hemorrhage, take timely prevention and effective countermeasures, and then formulate individualized treatment strategies, maintain the stability of maternal hemodynamics, promote uterine contraction, perform appropriate surgical operations and blood infusion, and drugs such as tranexamic acid, recombinant human activating factor Ⅶ and fibrinogen should be used when necessary to improve hemostasis, so that the patients can receive timely and effective treatment, then reduce bleeding-related mortality, and improve the quality of life of patients in the future. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Diagnosis and Treatment of High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion in High-Risk HPV-Infected Postmenopausal Women Amineguli ·Maimaitimin, Ayidana ·Jumabieke, HAN Li-li Journal of International Obstetrics and Gynecology    2022, 49 (5): 535-539.   DOI: 10.12280/gjfckx.20220172 Abstract （1953）   HTML （28）    PDF （707KB）（3524）       Knowledge map    High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) is associated with the persistent infection of high-risk human papilloma virus, are considered cervical precancerous lesions with the potential for cancer. Difficulty of diagnosis and treatment of HSIL are increased due to age-dependent changes to the cervix in postmenopausal women. Though cervical biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosing cervical lesions, it is also missed, but endocervical curettage can improve the accuracy of HSIL in menopausal women, especially when colposcopy is not satisfactory but suspicious cervical lesions. Although positive margins are considered a key factor in residual/recurrence of lesions after cervical resection, a negative margin does not mean that the lesion has been completely removed. Moreover, because of cervical atrophy, cervical shortening, disappearance of the vaginal vault and other reasons, the difficulty of cervical resection surgery and the risk of damage to adjacent organs such as bladder and rectum are increased. At the same time, the hormone level of menopausal women is reduced, the predilection site of cervical cancer transformation zone of cervical moved to the cervical canal, and colposcopy cannot find the suspicious part in time, resulting in missed diagnosis of cervical cancer. Therefore, it is of great clinical significance to explore the optimal scheme for diagnosis and treatment of cervical lesions in postmenopausal women. By analyzing the current status and problems faced by cervical HSIL in postmenopausal, it provides individualized theoretical guidance for the diagnosis and treatment of cervical lesions in them. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress in the Study of Pregnancy Complicated with Long QT Syndrome LIANG Mei-Yu, FAN Zhuo-Ran, HUA Shao-Fang Journal of International Obstetrics and Gynecology    2022, 49 (5): 580-584.   DOI: 10.12280/gjfckx.20220290 Abstract （1453）   HTML （16）    PDF （689KB）（3518）       Knowledge map    Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is a genetic heart disease caused by mutations in genes that lead to abnormalities in the structure or function of ion channels, and is characterized by prolonged QT interval and T-wave changes in the electrocardiogram (ECG), and it is prone to palpitation, synocope, arrhythmia, cardiac arrest and even sudden death. The most common genetic subtypes of LQTS patients are LQT1, LQT2, and LQT3. Different Genetic subtypes of LQTS have different mutation genes, triggers, and even ECG changes, so clarifying the genetic subtypes of patients can help clinical diagnosis, treatment and prevention of cardiac events. Effective prevention of cardiac events is one of the most important measures for patients with LQTS. During pregnancy and puerperium, women with LQTS will experience a series of physiological changes such as hormonal levels and hemodynamic changes, which may affect the risk of cardiac events associated with LQTS; their clinical management is also different from that of non-LQTS women, and it is necessary to review the research progress of its pathogenesis, diagnostic criteria, treatment options and perinatal management. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Efficacy Evaluation of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Cervical Cancer FENG Dan, SHEN Fu-jin Journal of International Obstetrics and Gynecology    2022, 49 (5): 529-534.   DOI: 10.12280/gjfckx.20220114 Abstract （1955）   HTML （34）    PDF （751KB）（3494）       Knowledge map    Cervical cancer is the most common malignant tumor in gynecology, which seriously threatens women′s life and health. It is a global public health problem that needs to be solved urgently. At present, the treatment of cervical cancer is mainly surgery and radiotherapy, supplemented by chemotherapy. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) is a commonly used adjuvant therapy for patients with cervical cancer, which has the advantages of reducing the size of the primary tumor and tumor metastasis. However, due to individual variability and tumor heterogeneity, not all patients respond to chemotherapy. At the same time, NACT also has certain toxic reactions, such as hair loss, neutropenia and organ damage, and even lead to the death of patients. At present, serum squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC-Ag) and imaging examination are most commonly used to evaluate the efficacy of NACT, but they have some limitations. The evaluation methods of NACT for cervical cancer are reviewed from the aspects of imaging, pathology, molecular markers, toxicity and survival, to provide a basis for the clinical evaluation of NACT, and to help the selection and application of individualized treatment plans. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Adolescent Mixed Ovarian Germ Cell Tumor: A Case Report and Literature Review WU Si-yu, LIU Chuan-li, ZHANG Yan, SUN Yang, CHEN Jun, CHEN Xiao Journal of International Obstetrics and Gynecology    2022, 49 (5): 552-555.   DOI: 10.12280/gjfckx.20211196 Abstract （1573）   HTML （28）    PDF （685KB）（3483）       Knowledge map    Malignant ovarian germ cell tumor(MOGCT) are derived from primitive germ cells of embryos and occur mostly in children, adolescents and young women, so preserving the function of reproduction must be taken into consideration. We report a case of a 15-year-old girl presented with acute left lower abdominal pain after exercise. Transabdominal color ultrasound suggested a hypoechoic mass in the pelvic cavity and a ruptured left ovarian mass which caused massive intraperitoneal hemorrhage was found via laparoscope. Unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy was admitted, and serum alpha fetoprotein（AFP）, carbohydrate antigen 19-9（CA19-9） and human chorionic gonadotropin（hCG） were increased postoperatively. Pathological results revealed a mixed ovarian germ cell tumor with dominant components of embryonal carcinoma and choriocarcinoma, and a few yolk sac tumor and teratoma. On the 11th day after surgery, positron emission tomography(PET)/CT showed no residuals. Four cycles of chemotherapy with the regimen of Ping-Yangmycin+etoposide+cisplatin (BEP) were performed. Her serum AFP and hCG came normal after two cycles of chemotherapy. Menstruation was resumed by February 2022 and there was no signs of recurrence until May 2022. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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A Case of Uterine Mesothelial Cyst Misdiagnosed as Leiomyoma with Cystic Degeneration ZHU Shu, ZHANG Hui-yuan, XU Wei, WANG Cong, WANG Xiu-li Journal of International Obstetrics and Gynecology    2022, 49 (5): 556-559.   DOI: 10.12280/gjfckx.20211101 Abstract （1590）   HTML （22）    PDF （5410KB）（3483）       Knowledge map    Mesothelial cyst is a benign neoplastic lesion derived from mesothelial cells, mainly involves pelvic peritoneum and peritoneal peritoneum. It is more common in mesentery and omentum majus, and less in uterus. This paper reports the diagnosis and management of a patient with uterine mesothelial cyst misdiagnosed as leiomyoma with cystic degeneration in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. This patient with no typical clinical manifestations preoperatively was diagnosed as leiomyoma with cystic degeneration and underwent total hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, mainly based on imaging characteristics. But the postoperative pathology, indicated uterine mesothelial cyst. This paper analyzes the diagnosis and treatment of the patient and reviews relevant literature, discuss the differential diagnosis and treatment of uterine mesothelial cyst, in order to improve the academic vision of the disease in gynecologists and avoid misdiagnosis and underdiagnosis. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Reflection on Two Cases of Transvaginal Single Porosity Laparoscopic Tubal Pregnancy by Rear Approach GU Jian-juan, WU Jing-yi, SUN Gui-fang Journal of International Obstetrics and Gynecology    2022, 49 (5): 590-593.   DOI: 10.12280/gjfckx.20211036 Abstract （1567）   HTML （15）    PDF （6313KB）（3463）       Knowledge map    Vaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery combines vaginal surgery with laparoscopic surgery, and usually takes the vaginal vault as the path to enter the abdominal cavity. We analyze two cases who diagnosed with ectopic pregnancy and treated by v-NOTES. One of the patients was unmarried and childless, no specific lesion site was found during v-NOTES, and MTX was selected for conservative medication. Postoperative serum β-hCG continued to rise, and the adnexal mass increased, thereupon transumbilical laparo-endoscopic single-site surgery (TU-LESS) was performed to remove fallopian tube. Another patient was found pelvic adhesions when the posterior fornix was opened, and it was difficult to enter. After resection of the fallopian tube, considering that pelvic adhesions may lead to residual pregnancy products, TU-LESS was required. Through two cases of operation, v-NOTES was found to be more limited operation field of vision than traditional laparoscopic surgery, which not only affects the determination of lesions, but also leads to a relatively prolonged operation time, and has certain limitations in the treatment of ectopic pregnancy. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor in Gynecological Malignant Tumors WANG Fang, YANG Tao, WU Zhen-zhen, WANG Hui-ling Journal of International Obstetrics and Gynecology    2022, 49 (5): 519-523.   DOI: 10.12280/gjfckx.20220005 Abstract （1579）   HTML （37）    PDF （707KB）（3457）       Knowledge map    Endometrial cancer, cervical cancer and ovarian cancer are the three most common gynecological malignancies. The treatment methods are mainly surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. However, the recurrence rate and metastasis rate are still high. By blocking the binding of inhibitory checkpoints and their ligands, immune checkpoint inhibitors activate the activity of immune cells and achieve antitumor effects. With the deepening of the research on immune checkpoint inhibitors in gynecological tumors, it is found that the objective response rate is mostly about 10%-20%, and the combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy can greatly improve the curative effect, which may provide greater clinical benefits for gynecological tumor patients. However, its adverse reactions can not be ignored, such as skin itching, mucositis, diarrhea and colitis. Therefore, exploring predictive biomarkers, screening the applicable population for immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment, early identification and reasonable intervention of adverse events are very important for the application of immune checkpoint inhibitors in gynecological malignant tumors. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress of High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound in the Treatment of Uterine Fibroids LIU Hai-hong, SHI Xiao-rong Journal of International Obstetrics and Gynecology    2022, 49 (5): 540-544.   DOI: 10.12280/gjfckx.20220127 Abstract （1596）   HTML （41）    PDF （741KB）（3450）       Knowledge map    Uterine fibroids can lead to abnormal uterine bleeding, frequent urination or constipation, infertility and other symptoms, affecting the physical and mental health of patients. High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is a technology that promotes the necrosis of target tissue by focusing low-energy ultrasound in vitro, which can significantly reduce the volume of uterine fibroids and improve the clinical symptoms of patients. It has become an important method for the treatment of uterine fibroids. As a kind of treatment of uterine fibroids, HIFU has the advantage of non-invasive and retaining the structural integrity of the uterus, which can be safely used in patients with uterine fibroids with fertility requirements and shorten the time of contraception after treatment. However, the long-term reintervention rate after HIFU treatment of uterine fibroids is high, and HIFU may increase the incidence of some pregnancy complications such as preterm birth and fetal growth restriction. There is no complete solution to the exclusion of malignant diseases such as uterine sarcoma before HIFU treatment. In this review, we summarize the research progress of HIFU treatment of uterine fibroids in recent years, so as to provide reference for clinical treatment of uterine fibroids. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress of Ferroptosis in Endometriosis PENG Pei-xuan, WANG Li Journal of International Obstetrics and Gynecology    2022, 49 (5): 481-485.   DOI: 10.12280/gjfckx.20220451 Abstract （2057）   HTML （215）    PDF （713KB）（3444）       Knowledge map    Endometriosis as a common gynecological benign disease, however, has malignant behaviors such as invasion, infiltration, and distant metastasis. Ferroptosis is a newly discovered form of programmed cell death mainly characterized by the excessive intracellular free Fe2+ that mediates the Fenton reaction to produce hydroxyl radicals, inhibition of the intracellular antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase 4, and peroxidation of cell membrane lipids leading to cell death. Endometriosis lesions exhibit ferroptosis resistance, a feature that impairs ectopic endometrial clearance and promotes their proliferation and migration. And part of the cells in turn promotes angiogenesis through ferroptosis. Sperm and oocyte damage as well as embryotoxicity from ferroptosis contribute further to endometriosis related infertility. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress of Radical Trachelectomy for Early Stage Cervical Cancer CHEN Yue, LI Na, HU Yuan-jing Journal of International Obstetrics and Gynecology    2022, 49 (5): 524-528.   DOI: 10.12280/gjfckx.20220098 Abstract （1850）   HTML （33）    PDF （692KB）（3440）       Knowledge map    Cervical cancer is one of the most common gynecological malignant tumors. With the trend of younger age of cervical cancer, more and more patients have the requirement of sparing fertility. Radical trachelectomy has become the standard surgical method for preserving reproductive function in patients with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics （FIGO） stage ⅠA2 and ⅠB1 cervical cancer,and has also been applied in patients with cervical cancer with tumor diameter >2 cm after neoadjuvant chemo therapy and patients with pregnancy complicated with cervical cancer. Radical trachelectomy has a large operation scope, great difficulty, long operation time and high incidence of postoperative complications. Surgical approach, intraoperative technique and the way of lymph node evaluation may have different effects on tumor prognosis and pregnancy outcome. Therefore, seeking a balance between tumor prognosis and reproductive function after radical trachelectomy, reducing unnecessary tissue resection and injury while ensuring tumor resection scope, shortening operation time and reducing the probability of complications can benefit more cervical cancer patients undergoing radical trachelectomy. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Fetal Growth Restriction on Fetal Brain Neurodevelopment YANG Jun-juan, ZHANG Yan Journal of International Obstetrics and Gynecology    2022, 49 (5): 570-573.   DOI: 10.12280/gjfckx.20211018 Abstract （1682）   HTML （21）    PDF （709KB）（3439）       Knowledge map    Fetal growth restriction (FGR) can cause short-term and long-term developmental abnormalities in fetuses and neonates and severe neurological diseases in adulthood. Therefore, the impact of FGR on fetal and neonatal brain neurodevelopment has become a research hotspot in recent years. Human and experimental animal studies have shown that the onset time of FGR, the severity of FGR, and the gestational age at delivery are closely related to fetal brain neurodevelopment. Middle cerebral artery Doppler ultrasonography and cerebroplacental ratio can evaluate fetal cerebral hemodynamics in FGR, and phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging can monitor fetal cerebral blood flow and brain structure. Early-onset and late-onset FGR have different effects on the brain neurodevelopment of the offspring. FGR can also lead to abnormal fetal brain structure and function, and increase the incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage. In this article, we reviewed the research progress of the effects of FGR on fetal brain neurodevelopment, in order to strengthen the clinical management of FGR fetuses and improve its short-term and long-term outcomes. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics