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15 February 2010, Volume 37 Issue 1
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新年寄语
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新年寄语

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New Year Greetings 2010, 37 (1):  1-2.  Abstract ( 1506 )   PDF (313KB) ( 5010 )   Related Articles | Metrics

综述

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The Application of PCR in the Prenatal Diagnosis of Fetal Aneuploidy LIU Jing;ZHANG Ying;YUE Tian-fu 2010, 37 (1):  5-8.  Abstract ( 1779 )   PDF (258KB) ( 5105 )   The chromosomal abnormalities are usually 21, 13, 18 chromosomes and the sex chromosome aneuploids. The results of serum screening is that the high-risk and the age over 35 pregnant women are required for prenatal diagnosis. Traditional karyotyping is considered the gold standard for invasive prenatal diagnosis, but the results take 2-3 weeks. With the rapid development of molecular biology, polymerase chain reaction used in aneuploidy of prenatal diagnosis. Polymerase chain reaction is high sensitivity and specificity, simple operation, short cycle test, is suitable for the detection of fetal aneuploidy. Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence of Oxytocin on the Development of Neuropsychiatric LU Ting-feng;YU Hong 2010, 37 (1):  9-11.  Abstract ( 1802 )   PDF (219KB) ( 4922 )   Oxytocin is an important endocrine hormone for parturition and milk ejection. Recently influence of OT on the neuropsychiatric system development has been gradually taken seriously. During delivery， the oxytocin mainly derived from maternal hypothalamus， reducing neuronal activity and metabolic demand， thus helping to protect fetal neurons from hypoxic insults. Oxytocin also regulates the development of neuropsychiatric system as a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator， and has an association with children autism， adult social behavior and adult social cognition dysfunction. Thus， the research of oxytocin’s effect on neuropsychiatric system development has important significance. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research of Endothelial Progenitor Cell in Pregnancy SUN Li-qiang;XU Xian-ming 2010, 37 (1):  12-15.  Abstract ( 1931 )   PDF (209KB) ( 5010 )   Endothelial progenitor cells（EPC）are precursors of vascular endothelial cells （EC），which is mainly derived from the umbilical venous blood，adult peripheral blood and bone marrow．It plays an important part in the formulation of human embryonic vasculogenesis. Moreover, EPC gives consistent support to the growth of the vascular after birth. Pregnancy is a challenge to the maternal vascular system, requiring systemic adaptation and pronounced local adjustment in the uterus. Preeclampsia and gestational diabetes are mostly associated with endothelial dysfunction. This review summarizes our understanding of endothelial progenitor cells, with specific reference to their role in angiogenesis and human pregnancy. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of High Maternal Hemoglobin Concentrations During Gestation on the Pregnancy Outcomes CAO Shou-yan;JIANG Xiu-qing 2010, 37 (1):  16-18.  Abstract ( 2171 )   PDF (213KB) ( 5019 )   Maternal hematological system happens to have a series of physiological changes such as plasma volume expansion and hemodilution to adapt to the growth of the fetus during normal pregnancy. In contrast, high maternal hemoglobin concentrations usually coincide with hemo concentration and over activation of blood coagulation both of which alter blood rheology and result in adverse outcome of pregnancy such as hypertensive disorders in pregnancy,small for gestational age,premature birth,low birth weight gestational diabetes mellitus, still birth and so on. We summarize the effects of high maternal hemoglobin concentrations during gestation on the adverse pregnancy outcomes. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress of Serum Markers for the Early Diagnosis of Ectoic Pregnancy WANG Lan-lan;HAO Min 2010, 37 (1):  19-22.  Abstract ( 1776 )   PDF (221KB) ( 5009 )   Ectopic pregnancy（EP） is a frequent surgical abdomen of obstetrics and gynecology，the incidence of which is rising in the recent twenty years. The developing of diagnostic techniques can reduce the rate of misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis， in order to create favorable conditions for better reserve fertility and conservative treatment of EP. The most common methods of early diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy are using ultrasound with serial measurements of human chorionic gonadotropin（β-HCG）. However， these cannot find the embryo as early as gestational 4-5weeks，not only for EP， but also for intrauterine pregnnacy. In recent years， research of diagnostic of serum markers for ectopic pregnancy have great progression， and this review will give a summarize， including human chorionic gonadotropin， progesterone， vascular endothelial grow factor，PAPP-A and activin-inhibin. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Phosphatidylinositol Signal Transduction Pathway and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus LI Ming;NIU Xiu-min 2010, 37 (1):  23-26.  Abstract ( 2233 )   PDF (268KB) ( 5062 )   Insulin resistance（IR） in pregnancy is prone to induce gestational diabetes mellitus（GDM）. Insulin exerts its physiological action by binding with insulin receptor，then activating different signal transduction pathways in some tissue cells and producing different effects.Therefore any link of the signal transduction pathway which appears abnormal possibly causes insulin resistance.As a key enzyme in insulin signal transduction，the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase（PI3K） plays an important role in the regulation of glucose metabolism.If decreased or obstructed，the PI3K activity may affect the physiological role of insulin inducing insulin resistance，and then leading to gestational diabetes mellitus.Further study of the pathway will be useful to elucidate the pathogenesis of GDM and provide a new idea for the clinical treatment. Related Articles | Metrics

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Relationship Between Platelet Membrane Glycoprotein Ⅱb/Ⅲa Receptor and Preeclampsia CHENG Shu-qing;HUANG Ya-juan 2010, 37 (1):  27-30.  Abstract ( 3185 )   PDF (234KB) ( 5146 )   GPⅡb/Ⅲa receptor is the most redundant glycoprotein on platelet membrane, and palys a critical role in the process of platelet aggregation and thrombosis. Preeclampsia is a pathogestation with polysystem imbalance, characterized with hypertension, proteinuria, hypercoagulation, hyperfibrinolysis tendency, and is associated with high maternal high morbidity and mortality and parturient cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disorders in long term. GPⅡb/Ⅲa receptor is a key component in the process of preeclampsia invasion, which could provide original breakthrough for its etiopathogenisis and clinical therapy. Related Articles | Metrics

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Reviews on Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone and Its Receptors SHI Jing-hua;LENG Jin-hua 2010, 37 (1):  31-33.  Abstract ( 1994 )   PDF (220KB) ( 5172 )   Gonadotropin releasing hormone（GnRH）, secreted by the hypothalamus, plays an important role in the reproduction and maturity by regulating the pituitary-gonadal axis; it can also act in an autocrine or paracrine pattern on tissues outside the hypothalamus. GnRH and its receptors have been cloned from a variety of species, and express in both normal and abnormal reproductive related tissues, including endometriosis, endometrial cancer, and ovary cancer and so on. The function of different subtypes of GnRH and its receptors, new derivates in the treatment of endometriosis, infertility and tumor are reviewed in this article. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress of Membranous Estrogen Receptor GPR30/GPER ZHU Qi-zhou;SHU Kuan-yong 2010, 37 (1):  34-38.  Abstract ( 2057 )   PDF (255KB) ( 5599 )   Estrogen, as the most important sexual hormone of female, plays a significant role in women′s physiological functions or pathologic status changing procedure. Traditional theory holds that estrogen regulates transcription reaction or mediates signal transduction through the classical estrogen receptor ER α/β. GPR30 （also known as GPER） is a novel estrogen receptor, which has the ability to specially bind with estrogen or its derivatives, antagonists, and then leads to biological effect. Recently, in malignant tumors such as breast carcinoma, endometrial carcinoma or ovarian carcinoma, there were found over-expression of GPR30. Scholars studied the relationship between GPR30 and the occurrence and development of malignant tumors, in order to search for novel therapeutic targets in estrogen-related diseases, especially cancers. Related Articles | Metrics

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Vulvodynia : Strategies for Diagnosis and Treatment and Research Progress WEI Xue-min;SUI Long 2010, 37 (1):  39-42.  Abstract ( 2071 )   PDF (268KB) ( 5089 )   The most recent terminology of vulvar pain by the International Society for the Study of Vulvovaginal Disease（ISSVD） defines vulvodynia as "vulvar discomfort， most often described as burning pain， occurring in the absence of relevant visible findings or a specific， clinically identifiable， neurologic disorder." The classification of vulvodynia is based on the site of the pain， whether it is generalized or localized， and whether it is provoked， unprovoked， or mixed. The etiology and pathogenesis of this condition is complex and epidemiology remains elusive. An accurate diagnosis is exclusive and requires a comprehensive history， physical examination and targeted diagnostic tests. excluding diseases with definite causes , such as infections, inflammations,tumor and neurological dysfunction. Treatments described include general vulvar care， topical medications， oral medications， injectables， biofeedback and physical therapy， psychological and sexual counseling and surgery. Although many treatment options have been utilized， a rational therapeutic strategy is still under research. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Adipokine chemerin WANG Xiao-juan;YAN Jian-ying 2010, 37 (1):  43-46.  Abstract ( 3243 )   PDF (227KB) ( 5592 )   Chemerin is a novel adipokine with effects on immunity, inflammation, adipocyte differentiation and lipid metabolism. Recent studies have indicated that chemerin is a new independent marker of metabolic syndrome.Understanding the mechanisms and function of chemerin may provide novel effective therapeutic strategies to treat and prevent relative diseases. Related Articles | Metrics

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Insulin Sensitizing in the Treatment Efficacy and Safety of PCOS FU Ying;LU Shi;LI Hong-fa 2010, 37 (1):  47-49.  Abstract ( 2027 )   PDF (231KB) ( 4977 )   Polycystic ovary syndrome （PCOS） causes major metabolic and reproductive morbidities, including substantially increased risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus and the metabolic syndrome. After the recognition that insulin resistance has a pivotal role in PCOS, insulin-sensitizing drugs, specifically metformin, have been widely adopted as therapy for this condition. A recent, large, randomized, clinical trial that assessed live-birth rates suggested that metformin alone is inferior to clomiphene citrate in treating infertility associated with PCOS. Furthermore, there is no evidence to support the use of metformin during pregnancy to prevent spontaneous abortions or gestational diabetes mellitus in women with PCOS. Renewed safety concerns about thiazolidinediones followed recent studies that reported increased cardiovascular events with these agents. Related Articles | Metrics

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Current Applications in Animal Optical Imaging Technologies with Bioluminescence and Fluorescence in the Experimental Models of Endometriosis ZHENG Ting-ting;LIU Yi 2010, 37 (1):  50-52.  Abstract ( 1832 )   PDF (209KB) ( 5075 )   The experimental animal models as a xenographic host of induced endometriosis for relative biological behavior study of endometriosis have been developed and are of high value for the evaluation of the etiopathogenisis， pathogenesis and therapeutics underlying the development of this disease. This review describes these animal models of induced endometriosis using fluorescence in vivo imaging and bioluminescence to quantify the ectopic lesions of both size and number and assesses their different potentials and limitations in regard to endometriosis research， with the aim of developing novel non-invasive diagnostic tools. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Treatment of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia LIU Cai-yan;QU Peng-peng 2010, 37 (1):  53-55.  Abstract ( 1746 )   PDF (190KB) ( 5021 )   Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia is a precursor lesion of cervical cancer.It is important to treat CIN properly and regularly.As the introduce of Thinprep pap test,the bethesda system and hybrid capture 2 system,the diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia has a great improvement.Reasonable treatment of women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia is effective and can preserve the fertility of women.It is the same significance for follow up and treatment of CIN.The patients were examined with cytologic,colposcope and human pap illomavirus. Related Articles | Metrics

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he Research Progress of Ralationship Between Inflammation and Gycecological Malignancies ZHENG Xing-bang;WANG Jian-liu 2010, 37 (1):  56-59.  Abstract ( 1916 )   PDF (218KB) ( 5136 )   Inflammation and cancer are common physiological responses in human body. It has been found that inflammation is closely related to the initiation, progression and metastasis of tumor .The inflammatory microenvironments rich in inflammatory cells, cytokines, chemokines and DNA damage-promoting agents may induce cell proliferation, mutation and the initiation, metastasis and immune evasion of cancer cell. Inflammation also promote the cancer initiation and progress through complex mechanism including inflammatory cells and inflammatory cytokines in gycecological malignancies such as cervical cancer, ovarian cancer and endometrial cancer. The tumor necrosis factor α （TNF-α）, cyclooxygenase-2 （COX-2） and nuclear factor-kappa B （NF-κB） may play the critical role. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs （NSAID） and TNF-α inhibitor have been used as the preventative and therapeutic drugs against the malignancies. The better understanding of mechanisms linking inflammation and cancers will be beneficial to the development of prevention and therapies of inflammation-associated cancers. 【 Related Articles | Metrics

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New Discoveries about MicroRNA in Ovarian Cancer SHI Wei;WAN Xiao-ping 2010, 37 (1):  60-63.  Abstract ( 2035 )   PDF (222KB) ( 5126 )   microRNAs（miRNAs）, a kind of small non-protein-coding RNAs, can negatively regulate the expression of target gene at the post-transcriptional level. One oncogenic miRNA can usually regulate the expression level of several oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes simultaneously. Hence, miRNAs have closely relationship with oncogenesis, development and prognosis of tumor. Studies have indicated that the expression level of some miRNAs in epithelial ovarian cancer tissue is significantly different from that in normal ovarian tissue. And the miRNA expression profiling can be used as a potential tumor marker for the early diagnosis and the estimation of prognosis in ovarian cancer. In addition, the inspection of the target genes of those deregulated miRNAs in ovarian cancer can help to understand the mechanism of oncogenesis of ovarian cancer, which might also provide new targets for the therapy of ovarian cancer. Related Articles | Metrics

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Improved Space of Risk of Malignancy Index in Diagnosis of Ovarian Tumor WU Xiao-hui;LI Wei-ping;Di Wen 2010, 37 (1):  64-67.  Abstract ( 2121 )   PDF (221KB) ( 5085 )   The risk of malignancy index was developed depending on menopausal state, ultrasound findings and serum CA125，and the combination of three high risk factors make up for the deficiency of each other in diagnosis of ovarian tumor, hence the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of ovarian cancer have been improved. However, the inadequacy and hysteresis of the risk of malignancy index show up at the same time. It need to be improved and it has wide improved space. Adding some new significant tumor markers（such as human epididymis protein 4, mesothelin and osteopontin） to serum CA125 could improve the isolating rate of ovarian cancer. Combined with new indices of ultrasonic diagnosis（such as resistent index and pulsatility index）, predisposing factor of heredity or environment and clinical symptom of ovarian cancer, the diagnostic value of risk of malignancy index can be improved, thus more early carcinoma has been detected. Related Articles | Metrics

论著

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Meta-analysis for the Accuracy of Transabdominal Versus Transvaginal Sonography in the Diagnosis of Ectopic Pregnancy WU Jing;LIU Li;WANG Xiao-li;WU Zhong-yu 2010, 37 (1):  68-71.  Abstract ( 2343 )   PDF (267KB) ( 5906 )   Objective：To assess the accuracy of transabdominal sonography （TAS） and transvaginal sonography（TVS） in the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy by meta-analysis. Methods：Literatures about transabdominal sonography（TAS） versus transvaginal sonography（TVS） in patients with ectopic pregnancy issued from January 1995 to December 2008 were retrieved and the effects were quantitatively estimated with fixed-effect model and random-effect model by meta-analysis. Results：In 22 trials, the diagnose accordance rate between TVS and TAS is significant, with the pooled RR 1.37（95% CI 1.24～1.52）. Conclusions：TVS was better in the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy than TAS. Related Articles | Metrics