高龄卵母细胞质量与端粒酶的关联及机制

doi:10.12280/gjfckx.20240915

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

卵母细胞质量是评估生育力的关键要素，其与年龄关系密切，女性35岁后卵母细胞质量下降，生育能力随之加速降低。端粒酶是一种核糖核蛋白复合物，由催化蛋白亚基和RNA组分等组成，可维持端粒长度和稳定性，与高龄卵母细胞质量有关。端粒能够通过端粒保护蛋白复合体和端粒重复序列RNA影响端粒酶的活性。另外，年龄增长会使女（雌）性卵母细胞端粒酶活性发生改变。端粒酶活性的改变对高龄卵母细胞质量的影响主要表现在卵母细胞减数分裂、受精和胚胎发育3个方面，具体涉及端粒长度调节、线粒体和纺锤体功能调控、基因组稳定性维持、抗衰老蛋白表达等机制。综述端粒酶与高龄卵母细胞质量的关联和机制，以期为改善女性生殖能力提供新的思路。

关键词: 末端转移酶端粒, 端粒缩短, 卵母细胞, 不育, 女（雌）性, 胚胎发育

Abstract:

Oocyte quality is a crucial determinant in the assessment of fertility, which is closely correlated to age. The quality of oocytes declines in women after 35 years old, accompanied by an accelerated decrease in fertility. Telomerase, a ribonucleoprotein complex composed of catalytic protein subunits and RNA components, etc., maintains telomere length and stability, which is associated with the quality of oocytes in aged women. Telomeres can influence the activity of telomerase through the telomere protective protein complex and telomeric repeat sequence RNA. Additionally, aging can cause changes in the activity of telomerase in female oocytes. The effects of altered telomerase activity on the quality of aged oocytes are mainly manifested in three aspects of oocyte meiosis, fertilization, and embryonic development, which involve the regulation of telomere length, mitochondrial and spindle function, maintenance of genomic stability, and expression of anti-aging proteins. The association and mechanism of telomerase with the quality of aged oocytes are summarized in order to provide new ideas for improving female fertility.

Key words: Telomerase, Telomere shortening, Oocytes, Infertility, female, Embryonic development

袁海宁, 牟珍妮, 张江琳, 李恒兵, 张云洁, 孙振高. 高龄卵母细胞质量与端粒酶的关联及机制[J]. 国际妇产科学杂志, 2025, 52(1): 57-60.

YUAN Hai-ning, MU Zhen-ni, ZHANG Jiang-lin, LI Heng-bing, ZHANG Yun-jie, SUN Zhen-gao. Association and Mechanism of Aged Oocytes Quality and Telomerase[J]. Journal of International Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2025, 52(1): 57-60.

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