Abstract: Objective: To investigate the clinical features as well as maternal and neonatal outcomes of pregnancy-associated fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus (PF). Methods: A case of PF was reported in our hospital. A total of 35 cases of PF were reported in a literature case. The characteristics of PF, laboratory examination, and maternal and neonatal outcomes were retrospectively analyzed. Results: The mean age of patients was (27.62±4.70) years old, the median time from symptom onset to treatment was 1 d, the blood glucose at the time of admission was (33.19±9.11) mmol/L. Urine ketone body was 1+ to 4+, mean serum creatinine was (141.43±98.54) umol/L, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) averaged (6.39±0.74)%, blood K+ average (5.76±1.37) mmol/L, blood Na+ average value was (128.83±4.64) mmol/L, the average value of pH in blood gas analysis was(7.06±0.14). Among the 36 cases, the incidence of stillbirth in the second trimester was 90%, and the perinatal mortality rate was 90.48%. No maternal deaths occurred. Twenty-six of the 36 maternal women were followed up to post-partum insulin therapy. Conclusions: Patients with PF rapidly progress to critical illness, which may cause abortion or fetal death. Clinicians should improve their understanding of the disease in order to improve maternal and child outcomes through early detection and early intervention.

Key words: Diabetes mellitus, type 1, Diabetes, gestational, Blood glucose, Hemoglobin A, glycosylated, Diabetic ketoacidosis, Pregnancy outcome