国际妇产科学杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (2): 170-176.doi: 10.12280/gjfckx.20250615

• 产科生理及产科疾病: 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

补充肌醇对孕妇血糖及GDM发生率影响的Meta分析

刘潇潇, 钮玉琴, 丁昆, 陈雅雪()   

  1. 830001 乌鲁木齐市妇幼保健院
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-04 出版日期:2026-04-15 发布日期:2026-05-08
  • 通讯作者: 陈雅雪 E-mail:1214117960@qq.com

The Effect of Inositol Supplementation on Blood Glucose and Incidence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Pregnant Women: A Meta-Analysis

LIU Xiao-xiao, NIU Yu-qin, DING Kun, CHEN Ya-xue()   

  1. Urumqi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Urumqi 830001, China
  • Received:2025-06-04 Published:2026-04-15 Online:2026-05-08
  • Contact: CHEN Ya-xue E-mail:1214117960@qq.com

摘要:

目的:探讨妊娠期补充肌醇对妊娠期糖尿病(gestational diabetes mellitus,GDM)的预防作用。方法:系统检索PubMed、Embase、中国知网、中国生物医学文献服务系统、万方数据库和维普网自建库至2025年5月29日收录的相关随机对照试验(randomized controlled trial,RCT),并对相关结局指标进行Meta分析。结果:纳入10项RCT,共计2 011名受试者。与对照组相比,干预组的GDM发生率显著降低(OR=0.36,95%CI:0.18~0.70),亚组分析显示肌醇2 g组可显著降低GDM发生率(OR=0.41,95%CI:0.24~0.71),而肌醇4 g组与对照组的GDM发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。在口服葡萄糖耐量试验(oral glucose tolerance test,OGTT)结果方面,干预组空腹血糖(MD=-2.97,95%CI:-4.24~-1.70)、OGTT 1 h血糖(MD=-6.81,95%CI:-13.41~-0.22)及OGTT 2 h血糖(MD=-6.31,95%CI:-12.11~ -0.52)显著低于对照组。此外,干预组空腹血清胰岛素水平(MD=-1.96,95%CI:-3.29~-0.63)、妊娠中晚期稳态模型评估胰岛素抵抗指数(MD=-0.44,95%CI:-0.74~-0.14)、胰岛素使用率(OR=0.24,95%CI:0.11~0.56)、妊娠期高血压疾病发生率(OR=0.43,95%CI:0.25~0.74)及早产儿发生率(OR=0.47,95%CI:0.30~0.72)显著低于对照组,但2组巨大儿及新生儿低血糖的发生率差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论:补充肌醇可降低GDM的发生风险,改善血糖水平和胰岛素抵抗,并一定程度上降低不良妊娠结局发生风险,妊娠期补充小剂量肌醇可能是一种安全可行的预防GDM的方法。

关键词: 妊娠期糖尿病, 孕妇, 肌醇, 血糖, 胰岛素, 妊娠结局, Meta分析

Abstract:

Objective: To evaluate the preventive effect of inositol supplementation during pregnancy on gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods: A systematic search was conducted for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from the inception of databases including PubMed, Embase, CNKI, SinoMed, Wanfang Data, and VIP up to May 29, 2025. A Meta-analysis was then performed on the related outcome measures. Results: A total of 10 RCTs involving 2 011 participants were included. Compared with the control group, the incidence of GDM in the intervention group was significantly reduced (OR=0.36, 95%CI: 0.18-0.70). Subgroup analysis indicated that 2 g inositol group significantly reduced the incidence of GDM (OR=0.41, 95%CI: 0.24-0.71), whereas no statistically significant difference was observed between the 4 g inositol group and the control group (P>0.05). Regarding oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) results, compared with the control group, the intervention group demonstrated significantly lower fasting blood glucose (MD=-2.97, 95%CI: -4.24--1.70), 1-hour OGTT blood glucose (MD=-6.81, 95%CI: -13.41--0.22), and 2-hour OGTT blood glucose (MD=-6.31, 95%CI: -12.11--0.52). Furthermore, the intervention group had significantly lower fasting serum insulin (MD=-1.96, 95%CI: -3.29--0.63), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in mid-to-late pregnancy (MD=-0.44, 95%CI: -0.74--0.14), insulin usage rate (OR=0.24, 95%CI: 0.11-0.56), incidence of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (OR=0.43, 95%CI: 0.25-0.74) and preterm birth rate (OR=0.47, 95%CI: 0.30-0.72) compared to the control group. However, no statistically significant differences were found between the two groups in the incidence of macrosomia and neonatal hypoglycemia (all P>0.05). Conclusions: Inositol supplementation can reduce the risk of GDM, improve blood glucose levels and insulin resistance, and to some extent reduce the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Supplementation with a low dose of inositol during pregnancy may represent a safe and feasible strategy for preventing GDM.

Key words: Gestational diabetes mellitus, Pregnant women, Inositol, Blood glucose, Insulin, Pregnancy outcome, Meta-analysis