Abstract: Endometrial polyps (EP) is clinically more common gynecological disease that can lead to irregular uterine bleeding, increased menstrual flow, infertility, and there is a certain degree of malignant transformation rate. With the development of reproductive medicine and hysteroscopy, diagnosis and treatment of EP has been greatly improved, but the pathogenesis of EP remains unclear. Recent studies have found that the incidence of EP may be the result of multiple factors. The role of cytokines in EP is paid more and more attention. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is a prostaglandin synthesis as a major rate-limiting enzyme in metabolism of arachidonic acid to its various prostaglandins products. COX-2 expression regulated primarily at the transcriptional level, when cells stimulated by growth factors and cytokines, lipopolysaccharides, genes and other stimulus, after a series of signal transduction, induced the COX-2 transcription and expression, which has an important role in tumor development and is closely related to onset of the EP. COX-2 expression in EP may provide a new breakthrough for the EP′s research and treatment.

Key words: Polyps, Endometrium, Cyclooxygenase 2, Endometrial polyps