Abstract: Telomerase is an enzyme which is responsible for the extension of telomeres. By synthesizing DNA ends of chromosomes, it can confer cell replication immortality, which plays an important role in maintaining telomere stability, genomic integrity, cell activity and potential long-term proliferative ability. To change the structure and function of telomere / telomerase complex behavior may result in different diseases, especially the cancer. The expression of telomerase activity has different levels in normal human germ cells, early embryos, stem cells, highly proliferative cells and many cancer cells, and telomerase activity has been shown very strict regulation. Under the regulation of female reproductive function, telomerase activity plays an important role in follicular development and atresia, cyclical changes in endometrial, ovarian reserve and regulate hormones, etc., and to a certain extent, it can predict ovarian reserve function and IVF pregnancy outcome.

Key words: Telomerase, Women, Fertility, Female urogenital diseases