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15 June 2010, Volume 37 Issue 3
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The Conservative Therapies of Uterine Leiomyoma ZHU Lan 2010, 37 (3):  147-150.  Abstract ( 2160 )   PDF (259KB) ( 5223 )   Uterine leiomyoma is the most common female benign tumor， of which the treatments include the operative and conservative therapies. This paper describes the indications， advantages and disadvantages of medication， high intensity focused ultrasound （HIFU） and uterine artery embolization （UAE） that would reference the choice of conservative therapies. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress of Cell-free Fetal DNA in Prenatal Diagnosis of Aneuploidy XU Ai-qun;BIAN Xu-ming 2010, 37 (3):  151-156.  Abstract ( 1953 )   PDF (304KB) ( 5040 )   Cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA) has been successfully detected in maternal circulation during pregnancy. Unlike intact fetal cell in maternal circulation, cffDNA can be detected from 4 weeks gestations and cleared from the circulation following birth. The source of cffDNA has not been clearly elucidated and speculated from placenta with the mechanism of apoptosis. The usage of cffDNA can be applied to diagnose fetal aneuploidy during first and second trimester pregnancy. The limitation of cffDNA is the scarcity in maternal circulation to challenge the measurements. Nowadays some new detecting methods have been developed and applied to the prenatal diagnosis, but still need to be improved. The development of cffDNA will offer a good application prospect for non-invasive prenatal diagnosis of aneuploidy. Related Articles | Metrics

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Prenatal Diagnosis of Fetal Choroid Plexus Cysts YANG Ying;HE Jing 2010, 37 (3):  157-159.  Abstract ( 1981 )   PDF (202KB) ( 5308 )   Fetal choroid plexus cysts (CPCs) are a common central nervous system malformation, with 1%~4% of all fetus suffering. They can be diagnosed by routine ultrasound examination during the first or second trimester pregnancy，and be associated with fetal chromosomal abnormalities and nervous system abnormalities especially with regard to trisomy 18 and Aicardi syndrome. This association is also influenced by many factors. So physicians should consider these factors first, such as isolated CPCs or CPCs associated with other fetal abnormalities, the risk of trisomy based on mother’s serum screening, the characteristics of CPCs and so on. Then, physicians can predict the individual risk and provide accurate genetic counseling. Related Articles | Metrics

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Human Leukocyte Antigen G Research Progress and the Correlation with Preeclampsia JIA Yan-ju;CHEN Xu 2010, 37 (3):  160-164.  Abstract ( 2520 )   PDF (322KB) ( 4939 )   The human leukocyte antigen G（HLA-G） is non-classical HLA-I class I molecules highly expressing in the the extravillous trophoblast cells of maternal-fetal interface, which has protective effects to pregnancy and embryo by inducing immune tolerance. Pre-eclampsia is one of the major diseases in obstetric field, the expression of HLA-G in patients with preeclampsia, but the mechanism of action still unclear. The progress of basic research, the HLA-G gene and protein structures were defined, a lot of work have been done to clarify the relationship between HLA-G polymorphisms and preeclampsia in the gene level. It is found that some patients with pre-eclampsia maybe have HLA-G gene defect, and the distribution of HLA-G polymorphism was also different. Related Articles | Metrics

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Roles of Erythropoietin and Receptor in Pregnancy Maintenance JI Yu-qin;ZHANG Yu-quan;LI Da-jin 2010, 37 (3):  165-167.  Abstract ( 2746 )   PDF (198KB) ( 5160 )   The erythropoietin (EPO) is a novel family of angiogenic factors that promote angiogenesis, anti-apoptosis and anti-hypoxia when binding its receptor（EPOR）. The EPO participates in the development of placenta vessels, as well as the angiogenesis and tumor metastasis. EPO and its receptor expressed at reside maternal-fetal interface. Since EPO and its receptor are expressed throughout human gestation, it may play a pivotal role in pregnancy, and their abnormal regulation may be involved in spontaneous abortion, eclampsia and fetal growth restriction. Therefore, EPO in pregnancy may present a novel strategy for treatment of the pregnancy-related diseases. Related Articles | Metrics

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Relationship Between Adipocyte Fatty Acid-binding Protein and Pregnancy-associated Diseases WANG Xiao-juan;YAN Jian-ying 2010, 37 (3):  168-170.  Abstract ( 2683 )   PDF (233KB) ( 4914 )   Adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein（FABP4/AFABP/aP2）is a member of the fatty acid-binding protein family that bind with high affinity to saturated and unsaturated long-chain fatty acids，eicosanoids and other lipids.Its functions include shuttling free fatty acids，regulating cellular lipid metabolism and expression of inflammatory cytokine. Recent studies have indicated that FABP4 have a central role in the development of metabolic syndrome，cardiovascular and diabetes mellitus.It is also known to contribute to preeclampsia and gestational diabetes mellitus. Understanding the mechanisms and functions of FABP4 may provide novel therapeutic strategies to treat and prevent relative diseases. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Relationship Between Corticotropin-releasing Hormone and Preterm Labour ZHANG Xiao-xin;ZHAO Ai-min;JIN Dan 2010, 37 (3):  171-174.  Abstract ( 1637 )   PDF (273KB) ( 4994 )   Corticotropin-releasing hormone（CRH） is a 41-amino-acid neuropeptide that fist identified in the hypothalamus. CRH is detectable in human’s brain peripheral circulation and the maternal-fetal-placental unit. It has been noted that in the third trimester the CRH concentration in maternal plasma increased with advanced gestation, from the 28 menstrua1 week, the women in threatened prematurity groups were significantly higher than normal pregnancy, after the delivery, the CRH concentration decreased quickly. So we can make the conclusion that CRH may be an important factor in onset of delivery by hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenocortex axis,maternal myometrium and other hormones. This article report the mechanisms of placental corticotrophin-releasing hormone（CRH） which is involved in the controlling of the onset of labour. Related Articles | Metrics

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E-cadherin and Focal Adhesion Kinase in Endmetriosis SHI Li-xia;YU Xin-yan;LI Hua 2010, 37 (3):  175-178.  Abstract ( 2239 )   PDF (250KB) ( 4900 )   E-cadherin is a calcium-dependent transmembrane glycoprotein，which mediated adhesion of the same kind of cell, involved in the formation and maintenance of connections between cells. It can promote transmission of paracrine signals，has effection of information transmission and stability of cells. Focal adhesion kinase（FAK）is a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase，it’s activation, lead to phosphorylate tyrosine of cytoskeletal protein and signaling protein，which mediates adhesion of cell with extracellular matrix and a variety of physiological functions involved in cell as well as the metastasis and invasion of tumor cells. E-cadherin and FAK are closely related to the pathogenesis of endometriosis（EMs），the research of E-cadherin and FAK contribute to the understanding of pathogenesis of EMs, and provide a new theory, methods and research directions for the prevention, diagnosis，treatment of EMs. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Mechanism and Prevention of Adhesion After Gynecologic Surgery in Progress LAN Yi-bing;ZHOU Jian-hong 2010, 37 (3):  179-182.  Abstract ( 2219 )   PDF (255KB) ( 5216 )   The formation of adhesions after gynecologic surgery is an important complication, which may result in postoperative small bowel obstruction, infertility, chronic pelvic pain and other issues, but also increase the difficulty of reoperation. The prevention and control of complication, the increase of economic cost and the risk of readmission brought great concern. A variety of adhesion control methods, such as the improvements in surgical procedures, the application of biophysical barriers and the drug intervention, have a great development. This article is to summarize the progress of mechanism and prevention of adhesion. Related Articles | Metrics

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Gastrointestinal Injury During Gynecologic Surgery SUN Qian;GUO Cheng-xiu 2010, 37 (3):  183-186.  Abstract ( 1831 )   PDF (235KB) ( 5260 )   Within the past decade, many advances have been made in the field of gynecologic surgery field. Surgery arrage and difficulty was increased. Meanwhile, vaginal operation was developped widespreadly. Laparoscopy and hysteroscopy have provided same result as open-surgery Gastrointestinal injury is a rare but serious complication of gynecologic operation. A series of factors including previous surgeries, endometriosis, tumor, inflamation and misoperation may rise the incidence of this complication. This review examines the type of gastrointestinal injury, the keyponits of diagnosis and management and preventive measures according to location and operative techniques during gynecologic operation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Wild Type P53 and Its Regulatory Factors in the Pathogenesis of Cervical Cancer ZHU Jing;ZHOU Ying;LING Bin 2010, 37 (3):  187-189.  Abstract ( 2338 )   PDF (256KB) ( 4962 )   P53 gene is one of the most important human tumor suppressor genes relative to tumorigenesis，and its mutations are found in approximately 50% of cancers. Though P53 is expressed lower in cervical cancer tissues with the main wild-type. The codon 72 polymorphism in exon 4 of wtP53 is closely associated with occurrence of cervical carcinomas. In cervical cancer cells the half-life of wtP53 protein is shorter, and the function is inactivated. wtP53 regulate of cell cycle, promotion of tumor cells apoptosis, and inhibition of tumor cell growth. A variety of genes such as E6, E7, MDM2, STAT3 can inactivate wtP53 and induce the degradation of wtP53. Related Articles | Metrics

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Advance Research About miRNA in Cervical Cancer GAO Xiang;ZHANG Shu-lan 2010, 37 (3):  190-193.  Abstract ( 2289 )   PDF (273KB) ( 5112 )   microRNA is a class of small, endogenous, noncoding single-stranded RNA molecules. Past studies have indicated that miRNAs play important roles in diverse biological processes including gene expression regulation, cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis；Their expression have been correlated with various diseases. At present，the research on miRNA in cervical cancer is still in the primary stage，including the expression detection of cervical cancer, and cervial cancer development，differentiation, transfer diagnosis,therapy and prognosis. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Development of Study on Relationship Between HLA Alleles and Cervical Cancer and Its Precancerous Lesions WU Hai-xia;PANG Shu-jie;GUO Dong-hui 2010, 37 (3):  194-197.  Abstract ( 2983 )   PDF (348KB) ( 5119 )   Previous numerous studies have strongly shown that certain high-risk HPV infection clearly plays an important role in the development of cervical carcinoma; however, several experimental studies have suggested that HPV infection alone is insufficient to initiate malignant transformation of the cervical epithelium because many more women are infected with HPV than develop cervical cancer. Thus other genetic events are likely to be critical in the pathogenesis of cervical cancer. At present, the relationship between gene polymorphism of HLA alleles and cervical cancer and its precancerous lesions becomes one of hot spots. This article gives an overview of the progress in several aspects such as function, expression mechanism, typing method et al. Related Articles | Metrics

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Metablic Syndrome and Endometrial Cancer NI Juan;SHOU Hua-feng;YU Hua 2010, 37 (3):  198-200.  Abstract ( 1861 )   PDF (251KB) ( 5222 )   Metabolic syndrome（MS） is a pathological condition of abnormal aggregation of multiple metabolite resulting. The long-term adverse outcomes were payed more and more attention by people. MS had been high risk factors of breast cancer and carcinoma of rectum. MS was marginally associated with an increased risk of endometrial cancer. Abnormal expression with cytokines was found both on MS and endometrial cancer. Therefore， MS may be a new point to screen， prevention and cure endometrial cancer. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Up-date Research on Biotherapy of Uterine Sarcoma LI Jing;WANG Yong-hong 2010, 37 (3):  201-203.  Abstract ( 1684 )   PDF (201KB) ( 4886 )   Uterine sarcoma is a group of rarely aggressive tumors in female genital tract. There is a wide range of histological types，mainly including leiomyosarcoma，endometrial stromal sarcoma and malignant mullerian mixed tumor. In past years，the treatment methods refer to the 1988 FIGO surgical staging of endometrioma and guidelines of NCCN，including surgery，radiotherapy，chemotherapy，hormone therapy and so on. But do not have better clinical outcome. Therefore，some new treatment methods at home and abroad were put forward to improving the prognosis of patients. Many current studys focus on biotherapy. This review introduces the development of biotherapy of uterine sarcoma research. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Research of G Protein Coupled Receptor 30 and Hormone-dependent Tumor GUO Hui-min;GUO Rui-xia 2010, 37 (3):  204-207.  Abstract ( 1616 )   PDF (215KB) ( 4890 )   Estrogen is one member of the family of steroid hormones, it is a critical hormone in the human body, induces diverse physiological and pathohysiological effects. The traditional view that estrogen like other steroids, is a nuclear transcription factor, mediate it’s primary effects at the genomic level. However, hormone- dependent tumors are not so effective control by the mechanism of estrogen. In recent years, a large number of reports show that in addition to transcriptional regulation, estrogen also mediates cellular effects with response times from seconds to minutes. A large number of researches have shown that G Protein-Coupled Receptor30 part in the nongenomiceffects of estrogen. When GPR30 combined with estrogen，it can rapid activated the intracellular second signaling system , including ERK activation, PI3K activation, calcium mobilization, cAMP production and so on, which play an important role in the nongenomiceffect of estrogen. In this review，we will focus on the relations between GPR30 and estrogen-related tumors. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Research Development of NK Cells and Tumor Immunotherapy MA Jie;ZHAO Wei-dong 2010, 37 (3):  208-211.  Abstract ( 1768 )   PDF (221KB) ( 5144 )   Natural killer（NK） cells is a subset of lymphocytes that mainly participate in innate immunity， and also play a key role in the antitumor immune responses. The capability of NK cells to kill tumor cells mainly depends on the synthesis of stimulatory and inhibitory signals on the cells surface. Cell lines establishment and clinical application of NK-92 cell line provide wide application prospect for tumor immunotherapy. In past years， researchers have obtained a more deeply understand about the molecular basis for NK cell recognition cancer. Together with the application of genetic modification， NK cell-based immunotherapy will be much concerned. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Relationship Between Stimulated Cycle and the Endometrial Receptivity on Pre-implantation GONG Yu;YUE Tian-fu;BAI Xiao-hong;YIN Yan-ling 2010, 37 (3):  212-214.  Abstract ( 2025 )   PDF (379KB) ( 5133 )   Objective: To investigate the relationship between endometrial blood flow measured by Color Doppler on pre-implantation and in vitro fertilization and embryos transfer cycle（IVF-ET）. Methods: Data were obtained a total 70 women undergoing IVF-ET from May to November 2009. The endometrial thickness, blood flow status were detected by transvaginal ultrasonography on pre-implantation which include the third day after ovulation before IVF-ET cycles and the day of embryos transfer during IVF-ET cycles both. The patients were divided into three groups by the show of endometrial blood flow:Ⅰ, the number of the endometrial perforating blood flow ≤2 branch;Ⅱ, the number of the endometrial perforating blood flow 3~5 branch; Ⅲ, the number of the endometrial perforating blood flow≥6 branch. Results: In natural cycles, there is significant difference between the endometrial blood status of pregnancy groupand the non-pregancy group that（P ＜0.05）, and in stimulated cycles, there is no signtifically difference（P ＞0.05）. There is no significant difference between endometrial blood flow of the third day after natural ovulation and the day of ET as both were plentiful in pregnancy group（P >0.05）., but in non-pregnancy group the latter is more plentiful significantly than the former（P ＜0.01）. The parameters and endometrial thickness in pregnancy group were similar to non-pregnancy group in stimulated cycle and natrual cycle（P ＞0.05）. Conclusion: Richer of endometrial perforating blood flow in stimulated cycle have higher pregnancy rate, which can be as forecast level of endometrial receptivity. Stimulated cycle may change the endometrial receptivity, but do not have relevant evidence on the endometrial thickness and the parameters. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Inhibitory Effect of IL-24 on Tumor Growth of Human Nude Mice Model of Cervical Cancer WANG Zhao-xia;LI Li 2010, 37 (3):  215-218.  Abstract ( 2349 )   PDF (421KB) ( 4930 )   Objective: To investigate the inhibition function of gene recombinant plasmid pDC316-hIL-24 on human cervical cancer nude mice model tumor growth. Methods: Cervical cancer Hela cells were injected in a 1×107 cell/L concentration into the central lateral subcutaneous of the left armpit of nude mice of 5 weeks age. Construction of nude mice model of human cervical cancer. The 15 nude mice were randomly divided into 3 groups, and recombinant plasmids（group A） or empty plasmids（group B） as well as PBS（group C） were injected into transplanted tumor with Lipofectamine 2000 to interfere with the growth of transplanted tumor. Comparison of tumor volume and inhibitory rate after the intervention, determination of hIL-24 expression in transplanted tumor by RT-PCR, observation of morphological changes of tumor tissues in each group by HE staining and as well as immunohistochemistry was employed for investigating tumor cell apoptosis in each group. Results: ⑴ After transfection IL-24 gene was successfully transfected into tumor cells and has been successfully expressed in tumor cells. To the end of the experiment, group C and group B tumor volume was significantly greater than group A（F =63.395, P <0.05）. The average inhibition rate of group A was significantly higher than group B（t =130.920, P <0.01）. ⑵ Pathological observation shows in group A cervical cancer cells have focal necrosis and cells become large, and loose cytoplasm, nucleus deeply stained, pyknosis, nuclear dissolution, nuclear fragmentation, chromatin lumps also can be found. ⑶ Immunohistochemistry showed that, compared with the other two groups, group A proto-oncogene BCL-2 expression was lower than the other two groups（F=6.164, P <0.05）, but its homologous protein BAX expression was higher than the other two groups （F=58.426, P <0.05）. Conclusion: Recombinant plasmid pDC316-hIL-24 has significant inhibition function on human cervical cancer nude mice model tumor growth. IL-24 may activate apoptosis or anti-apoptosis pathway to induce tumor cell nuclear condensation, fragmentation and apoptosis. Related Articles | Metrics

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The Expression of MASPIN in Gestational Trophoblastic Tumor and Its Significance TIAN La-mei;PANG Yi-cun;FENG Yu-zhen;ZHAO Xiang-zhai;ZHAO Huan 2010, 37 (3):  219-220.  Abstract ( 1818 )   PDF (348KB) ( 4952 )   Objective: To investigate the expression of MASPIN in gestational trophoblastic tumor （GTT）, and the role of MASPIN in GTT. Methods: Forty inpatients with gestational trophoblastic disease（GTD） were recruited in the study, including 30 patients with hydatidiform mole, 10 with GTT. and 20 normal chorion were taken as control. Immunohistochemistry was used to analyze MASPIN expression in GTD and normal chorion. Results: The gestational trophoblastic tumor MASPIN positive expression rate（10%, 1/10） was significantly lower than the control group （95%, 19/20）, the two groups, the difference was statistically significant（P <0.05）. Hydatidiform mole group MASPIN positive rate （60%, 18/30） was significantly lower than the control group （95%, 19/20）, （P <0.05）. Gestational trophoblastic tumor MASPIN expression was significantly lower than that of hydatidiform mole group（P <0.05）. Conclusion: The down-regulation of the MASPIN expression is involved in the development of GTD, and may paly an important role in the pathogenesis of GTD. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Visual Inspection in Screening for Cervical Cancer and Precancerous Lesions ZHAO Jing;YUE Tian-fu;ZHANG Li-qin;ZHAO Shu-wang;CUI Li-yang;LI Jie;FAN Ting 2010, 37 (3):  221-223.  Abstract ( 2136 )   PDF (210KB) ( 5143 )   Objective: To explore feasibilities of visual inspection with acetic acid （VIA） and Lugol’s iodine （VILI） in screening for cervical cancer and precancerous lesions, and to find appropriate screening methods for cervical cancer as well as precancerous lesions in low resource areas in order to achieve early diagnose and early cure it, and to reduce incidence and mortality of cervical cancer eventually. Methods: In Dagang District of Tianjin, cervical cancer and precancerous lesions screening was done in 2 003 women. After consented and investigated using questionnaire （including knowledge of cancers and risk factors of cervical cancer）, they were examined by VIA and VILI and women who had positive results have received colposcopy. Women who had abnormal results by colposcopy have received biopsy and pathological diagnosis eventually. Results: 257 women were positive by VIA, and 265 were positive totally by VIA or VILI. These abnormal women received colposcopy, 197 cases of them showed abnormal in colposcopy and received biopsy. The pathological results showed that 7.04 percent of all the 2 003 women had cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.There were 116 cases had CINⅠ, 14 had CINⅡ, 11 had CINⅢ. Conclusion: VIA and VILI done by well trained doctors is a feasible screening method especially in the undeveloped areas. It will help to reduce the incidence and mortality of cervical cancer. Related Articles | Metrics