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    Research on Gynecological Malignancies:Review
    Research Progress of Aromatase Inhibitors in the Treatment of Advanced or Recurrent Endometrial Cancer
    ZHANG Shao, KONG Xian-chao
    2022, 49 (1):  1-4.  doi: 10.12280/gjfckx.20210580
    Abstract ( 1516 )   HTML ( 720 )   PDF (728KB) ( 4921 )  

    In recent years, the recurrence rate and mortality rate of endometrial cancer are on the rise, seriously threatening women′s life and health. Endocrine therapy plays a very important role in adjuvant therapy for postoperative prevention of recurrence and metastasis of endometrial cancer, as well as in the treatment of advanced or recurrent metastatic endometrial cancer. Aromatase inhibitors are common adjuvant endocrine heraputic drugs in clinical practice. They are highly selective and can reduce the stimulation of endometrial cancer cells by inhibiting estrogen synthesis, to inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells. This article reviews the clinical efficacy of aromatase inhibitors in endometrial cancer and discusses potential strategies to enhance the efficacy of aromatase inhibitors, such as combination of paclitaxel and carboplatin, combination of novel targeted therapies, and metformin.

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    Combination of Immunity and Targeted Therapy: A New Perspective on the Treatment of Endometrial Carcinoma
    LI Li, LU Xiao-shan, XIN Jia-chun, WANG Xiao-hui
    2022, 49 (1):  5-9.  doi: 10.12280/gjfckx.20210290
    Abstract ( 1866 )   HTML ( 295 )   PDF (692KB) ( 4945 )  

    As one of the three major malignant tumors of female reproductive system, the incidence of endometrial carcinoma is increasing all over the world in recent years. The prognosis of recurrent or metastatic endometrial carcinoma is poor. First-line treatment includes platinum chemotherapy or hormone therapy. There is no standard follow-up therapy at present. In recent years, significant advances have been made in the understanding of the molecular basis of endometrial carcinoma, and potential targets for therapeutic endometrial carcinoma have been identified. Targeted therapy such as PARP inhibitors and immunotherapy such as PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors may be effective against specific subtypes of endometrial cancer. Clinical studies have shown that the combined use of these drugs may have a synergistic effect. This article reviews the clinical research progress of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors and PARP inhibitors in the treatment of endometrial carcinoma.

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    Research Progress on Molecular Mechanism and Molecular Typing of Endometrial Carcinoma
    YANG Lin, CAI Yu-han, LI Hua
    2022, 49 (1):  10-14.  doi: 10.12280/gjfckx.20210256
    Abstract ( 2405 )   HTML ( 168 )   PDF (707KB) ( 5046 )  

    The incidence of endometrial carcinoma has been on the rise in recent years and the age of onset is getting younger. The treatment effect of advanced endometrial cancer is not ideal. The traditional classification method has serious deficiencies in the diagnosis and treatment of patients, and cannot provide sufficient basis for accurate treatment of patients. With the rapid development of molecular biology, more and more multi-omics studies and signal pathway associations in the onset of endometrial cancer have been discovered, and there is an urgent clinical need to include it in the routine diagnosis and treatment of patients. This article summarizes the latest progress in molecular biology and signaling pathways of type I and type II endometrial carcinoma. The diagnosis and prognosis of type I endometrial carcinoma are related to PTEN, PI3KCA, PI3KR1, ARID1A, KRAS, POLE, CTNNB1, TP53 mutation, MMR deletion, ER and PR expression are related. The prognosis of type II endometrial cancer is related to HER2 overexpression, TP53 mutation, and ARID1A mutation. PI3K/Akt, P53, MAPK and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways are closely related to the pathogenesis of endometrial carcinoma. ProMisE and Parra-Herran molecular classification, an alternative to TCGA classification, are currently used clinically to assess the prognosis and treatment options of endometrial carcinoma, but there are still some cases that do not match the prognosis, further refinement of the typing is needed.

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    Research Progress of Uterine Collision Tumor
    AN Jing, KANG He-yao, XING Yi-juan, LI Hong-li, YANG Yong-xiu
    2022, 49 (1):  15-18.  doi: 10.12280/gjfckx.20210240
    Abstract ( 1615 )   HTML ( 171 )   PDF (697KB) ( 4996 )  

    Uterine collision tumor is a rare pathological type composed of two or more malignant tumors with few related reports. Its etiology and pathogenesis are still unclear. Clinical manifestations and imaging examinations are not specific, and preoperative diagnosis is difficult, mainly rely on pathological examination to make an accurate diagnosis. There are various histological types of uterine collision tumors, while no standardized treatment guidelines have been established so far. The comprehensive treatment mainly consists of surgery and radiotherapy, supplemented by chemotherapy, and the prognosis is quite different. In recent years, the incidence of uterine malignant tumors has been increasing. With the extensive use of experimental techniques such as immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in clinical pathology, the detection rate of uterine collision tumors has been increased. This article reviews the clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of uterine collision tumors, in order to increase people′s comprehensive understanding of uterine collision tumors, making early and accurate diagnosis, and implement clinical intervention measures to improve the prognosis of patients.

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    Research Progress of Circulating Tumor DNA in Diagnosis and Treatment of Ovarian Cancer
    YU Chang-qing, WANG Xi-peng
    2022, 49 (1):  19-23.  doi: 10.12280/gjfckx.20210694
    Abstract ( 1220 )   HTML ( 159 )   PDF (707KB) ( 4945 )  

    Ovarian cancer (OC) has become one of the major diseases threatening women′s life and health due to its high recurrence rate and mortality with its incidence rate increasing. At present, there is a lack of effective methods for early detection, screening, recurrence monitoring and treatment evaluation of OC. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is fragment of DNA released by tumor cells into the blood circulation. It has the advantages of noninvasive, real-time, and can reflect the characteristics of tumor genes. Recent years, with the advancement of ctDNA detection technology and the in-depth research of ctDNA, ctDNA has shown more advantages than traditional histological, serological and imaging detection methods in the early diagnosis, tumor molecular typing and treatment monitoring of OC. This paper will review the extraction and detection methods of ctDNA and its latest research progress in the diagnosis and treatment of OC, to provide new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of OC.

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    Mechanism of Angiotensin Ⅱ and Its Type 1 Receptor Blockers in Ovarian Cancer
    GONG Li-ping, SUN Li-tao, TIAN Jia-wei
    2022, 49 (1):  24-28.  doi: 10.12280/gjfckx.20210248
    Abstract ( 1332 )   HTML ( 194 )   PDF (699KB) ( 4902 )  

    Ovarian cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the female reproductive system. Because of its insidious onset, most patients are already in advanced stage when they have symptoms, and are prone to metastasis and recurrence. The mortality rate of ovarian cancer ranks first among gynecological malignant tumors. Therefore, it is very important to further explore the mechanism of ovarian cancer and find potential therapeutic targets. AngiotensinⅡ(AngⅡ) is the most bioactive factor in renin-angiotensin system (RAS), mainly involved in the regulation of metabolism of the body′s blood pressure and salt water. At present, some studies found that it combined with the angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1R) to activated related pathways and that is closely related to the process of the occurrence and development of ovarian cancer and metastasis. And AT1R antagonists angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) can selectively bind to AT1R blocking AngⅡ-AT1R pathways, thereby blocking or inhibit AngⅡrole in ovarian cancer. Further study on the mechanism of AngⅡand its type 1 receptor antagonist in ovarian cancer may provide evidence for new therapeutic targets for ovarian cancer.

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    Research Progress of Female Reproductive Tract and Gut Microbiome in Ovarian Cancer
    GUO Wen-di, PING Yi
    2022, 49 (1):  29-33.  doi: 10.12280/gjfckx.20210724
    Abstract ( 1453 )   HTML ( 175 )   PDF (715KB) ( 4975 )  

    The mortality rate of ovarian cancer is very high, but the pathogenesis is still unclear. In recent years, with the development of high-throughput sequencing technologies, the study of the female reproductive tract and gut microbiome in ovarian cancer has become a hot spot. It was found that in ovarian cancer, the abundance of firmicutes in the upper and lower reproductive tract decreased, the number of bacteroides increased and the gut microbiome was often dysbiosis. It may play an important role in the development of ovarian cancer by causing carcinogenic reactions through its components and metabolites, increasing the ratio of estrogen to promote ovarian carcinogenesis, and mediating inflammatory responses that affect immune regulation. In addition, the female reproductive tract and gut microbiome are involved in the therapeutic process of ovarian cancer and are closely associated with drug resistance and efficacy. Among these, fecal transplantation, probiotic supplementation, and antibiotic application have been initially explored. This article focuses on the structure of the female reproductive tract and gut microbiome, its relevance to ovarian cancer, and clinical treatment studies, to provide new directions and strategies for the screening, treatment, and prevention of ovarian cancer.

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    Progress in Diagnosis and Treatment of Vulvar Squamous Cell Carcinoma
    QIN Zhao-juan, ZHENG Ai
    2022, 49 (1):  34-38.  doi: 10.12280/gjfckx.20210298
    Abstract ( 1418 )   HTML ( 152 )   PDF (682KB) ( 4947 )  

    The incidence of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC) increases every year. Although the diagnosis and treatment of tumors are improving, the recurrence rate and death rate of late VSCC have not decreased obviously. Due to the rarity of VSCC, there are no randomized clinical trials to compare the advantages and disadvantages of different treatments. Traditional treatments mainly include surgery and radiotherapy, and the changing trend of the surgical methods tends to be more conservative surgical scope to achieve greater therapeutic effect for diseases. The application of laparoscopic inguinal lymph node dissection and sentinel lymph node biopsy is also gradually widespread, and immunotherapy is also on the rise. The purpose of this paper is to review the latest research progress in the diagnosis, surgical treatment, radiotherapy and chemotherapy of VSCC, to provide reference for follow-up clinical diagnosis and treatment.

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    Research on Gynecological Malignancies:Original Article
    The Effect of Transthyretin on Ovarian Cancer Cells and Its Mechanism
    LI Jing, LIU Yun-yun, ZHOU Hui, LIN Zhong-qiu, LU Huai-wu
    2022, 49 (1):  39-42.  doi: 10.12280/gjfckx.20210493
    Abstract ( 1193 )   HTML ( 142 )   PDF (6872KB) ( 5014 )  

    Objective:To investigate the effect of transthyretin (TTR) on migration and invasion in ovarian cancer cells and its mechanism. Methods:Lipofectamine 2000 was used to transfect TTR small interfering RNA (siRNA) or non-target siRNA (control group) into cells. Scratch test was used to detect the ability of cell migration, Transwell method was used to detect the ability of cell invasion, the downstream protein expression of TTR was detected by Western blotting. Results:The scratch test showed that the wound healing rate of SKOV-3 cells in the TTR siRNA group and control group was (57.00±5.03)% and (87.33±1.20)% separately (P=0.004). The wound healing rate of OVCAR-3 cells in the TTR siRNA group and control group was (64.67±5.55)% and (84.33±1.45)% separately (P=0.027). Transwell experiments showed that the number of cells penetrated through the chamber in the TTR siRNA group of SKOV-3 and OVCAR-3 cells was (61.00±4.16)% (P=0.013) and (46.33±8.37)% (P=0.003) of the control group, respectively. After suppressing the expression of TTR, Western blotting results showed that the protein expression of Wnt1, β-catenin, MMP-2, and MMP-9 were decreased (P<0.05). Conclusions:TTR may inhibit the invasion and migration of ovarian cancer cells by inhibiting the expression of Wnt1/β-catenin pathway and MMP-2 and MMP-9.

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    The Expression and Clinical Significance of MECOM in Ovarian Cancer: An Analysis Based on Database
    LI Rong, LIU Yu, XU Gan-wei
    2022, 49 (1):  43-48.  doi: 10.12280/gjfckx.20210375
    Abstract ( 1407 )   HTML ( 158 )   PDF (20748KB) ( 5018 )  

    Objective:To explore the expression and its clinical significance of MECOM in ovarian cancer. Methods:The data about MECOM was collected from Oncomine and GEPIA databases; cBioportal, Coexpedia and STRING database were used to analyze the mutation, co-expression and interacting proteins of MECOM in ovarian cancer. Kaplan-Meier Plotter was used to analyze the relationship between the expression level of MECOM mRNA and the prognosis of patients with ovarian cancer. Results:With different types of cancer in Oncomine database, there were 353 studies related to MECOM, and 99 of them showed statistically significance (33 high-regulated and 99 low-regulated), including 10 studies on ovarian cancer, both show high MECOM expression. This result was also confirmed in the GEPIA database. Mutation analysis showed that 30% of ovarian cancer patients had mutations in MECOM gene, including missense mutation, fusion mutation and truncation mutation. Co-expression analysis showed that 275 genes were co-expressed. MECOM may interact with NR2E1, MTA1, HDAC1, TP53, PPARG, EZH2, JUN, MBD3, HDAC2 and CTBP1. The total survival rate of ovarian cancer patients in the group with high MECOM mRNA expression was lower than that with low MECOM mRNA expression (P=0.013). Conclusions:MECOM gene is overexpression in ovarian cancer, and its translated proteins interact with various proteins to exert biological effects. The expression level of MECOM mRNA is related to the survival prognosis of ovarian cancer patients, which is expected to provide a new idea for molecular targeted therapy of ovarian cancer.

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    Research on Gynecological Malignancies:Case Report
    A Case of Widespread Pelvic and Abdominal Dissemination of Uterine Leiomyosarcoma
    SUN Jian-hao, WU Zhen-zhen, MAO Bao-hong, WANG Fang, WANG Yue-yuan, ZHANG Ying, MA Fu-tang, LIU Qing
    2022, 49 (1):  49-52.  doi: 10.12280/gjfckx.20210520
    Abstract ( 1657 )   HTML ( 151 )   PDF (6061KB) ( 4998 )  

    It is difficult to distinguish uterine leiomyoma from early leiomyosarcoma in terms of clinical manifestations and ancillary examinations. Due to the lack of tumor-free concept, the use of fibroid breakers without protective measures will increase the risk of intrapulmonary spread of leiomyosarcoma in the womb and results in a poor prognosis. The diagnosis and treatment of a case of abdominal distension after laparoscopic subtotal hysterectomy with a splitter in Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-Care Hospital was retrospectively analyzed. It was considered that uterine leiomyosarcoma was widely spread in the pelvic and abdominal cavity, and the diagnosis and treatment of adjuvant chemotherapy after tumor cytoreduction was performed. And the relevant literature was reviewed, so as to fully understand the risk of laparoscopy myoma fragmentation without protective measures.

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    Mesonephric-Like Adenocarcinoma with Borderline Tumor in Ovary: A Case Report and Literature Review
    ZHANG Shi-kai, LIU Xiao-hui, ZHU Ke-xin, ZUO Xiang-ling, TIAN Geng
    2022, 49 (1):  53-55.  doi: 10.12280/gjfckx.20210428
    Abstract ( 2009 )   HTML ( 140 )   PDF (3217KB) ( 4992 )  

    Mesonephric-like adenocarcinoma of the ovary is a kind of adenocarcinoma presenting as mesonephric-like differentiation. The origin of mesonephric-like adenocarcinoma is uncertain, and the related reports at home and abroad are few. There are no relevant guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of this disease. A 67-year-old woman with bilateral solid ovarian cyst and highly suspected malignant ovarian tumor was treated by operation, the postoperative pathological diagnosis was bilateral ovarian mesonephric-like adenocarcinoma with borderline serous mucinous tumor. The clinical manifestations of the disease were nonspecific. Its pathological immunohistochemistry was characterized by negative ER and PR, GATA3 and TTF-1 expression. Due to the lack of specific postoperative diagnosis and therapeutic criteria for this disease, the postoperative chemotherapy regimen of paclitaxel plus carboplatin for 6 courses was proposed. The analysis of this case was intended to provide more reference for diagnosis and treatment of this disease for subsequent studies.

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    Obstetric Physiology & Obstetric Disease:Review
    Research Progress of NF-κB in the Pathogenesis of Pre-Eclampsia
    ZHAO Yu-lin, WANG Yong-hong
    2022, 49 (1):  56-59.  doi: 10.12280/gjfckx.20210595
    Abstract ( 1319 )   HTML ( 125 )   PDF (672KB) ( 4943 )  

    Pre-eclampsia is one of the main causes of maternal morbidity in the world. At present, it may be related to insufficient recasting of uterine spiral arterioles, excessive activation of inflammation and immunity, damage of endothelial vascular cells, and so on. Recent studies have shown that microparticle can increase the expression of NF-κB in patients with pre-eclampsia, and promote the formation of neutrophil extracellular trap, resulting in inflammation at the maternal-fetal interface and vascular endothelial cell dysfunction, and participate in the pathophysiological process of pre-eclampsia.

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    Primary Immune Thrombocytopenia in Pregnancy
    GAO Yue-hua, LI Jie, SU Jing, SUN Yan, LI Zeng-yan
    2022, 49 (1):  60-66.  doi: 10.12280/gjfckx.20210412
    Abstract ( 1341 )   HTML ( 108 )   PDF (787KB) ( 5045 )  

    Primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an acquired autoimmune disease and the most common cause of platelet counts below 50×109/L in early pregnancy. At present, it is believed that the production of anti-platelet autoantibodies, increased platelet destruction mediated by T cells and platelet apoptosis play an important role in the pathogenesis. ITP during pregnancy lacks specific symptoms and signs, the classifications and differential diagnoses are complicated. It is very easy to be confused with gestational thrombocytopenia, so it is the most necessary to differentiate with it in the clinical practice. ITP during pregnancy lacks standardized diagnostic practice, but the principle should be to emphasize the importance of pre-pregnancy consultation, to strike a perfect balance between the risks of continuing the pregnancy and preventive prenatal intervention, to pay attention to the maternal platelet changes and clinical manifestations, to raise the platelet count to a safe rather than normal range, and to avoid overtreatments. Treatment options include emergency treatment, first-line treatment, and second-line treatment. In patients with clinical bleeding,such as unmanageable active bleeding and spontaneous bleeding of vital organs,and in perioperative period, the platelet count should be increased to above 50×109/L as soon as possible; first-line treatments include prednisone acetate and intravenous immunoglobulin, which can be used alone or in combinations, second-line treatments are limited during pregnancy.

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    Research Progress on the Relationship between Maternal Intestinal Flora during Pregnancy and Offspring Diseases
    WANG Yu, ZHAN Jia-mei, LUO Xiao-hong
    2022, 49 (1):  67-70.  doi: 10.12280/gjfckx.20210469
    Abstract ( 1339 )   HTML ( 63 )   PDF (674KB) ( 5096 )  

    With the development of gene sequencing technology, the relationship between the intestinal flora and the occurrence and development of diseases has become a research hotspot in biomedical field. The research on intestinal microecology of pregnant women has attracted much attention. In order to meet the needs of fetal growth and development during pregnancy, in addition to a series of physiological adaptations in reproduction, circulation, digestion, and endocrine, the structure and quantity of the intestinal flora will also change. Factors such as maternal high-fat/low-fiber diet during pregnancy, maternal obesity, and antibiotic use during pregnancy can lead to an imbalance of the maternal intestinal microbiota, which may increase the risk of obesity, immune system diseases, nervous system diseases in the offspring. Therefore, detection of the intestinal micro-organisms in pregnant women at the right time can timely intervene and regulate the dysfunctional intestinal flora. At the same time, enhancing health education for pregnant women can reduce the risk of various diseases among the offspring and improve the overall physical quality of the population.

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    Risk Factors of Gestational Isolated Hypothyroxinemia and Its Effect on Maternal and Infant Outcomes
    LI Bao-juan, LIU Hui-kun, DONG Wei
    2022, 49 (1):  71-76.  doi: 10.12280/gjfckx.20210678
    Abstract ( 1412 )   HTML ( 91 )   PDF (769KB) ( 4918 )  

    Gestational isolated hypothyroxinemia, also known as gestational hypothyroxinemia, refers to pregnant women with negative thyroid autoantibodies, normal thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level but lower free thyroxine (FT4) level than the lower limit of specific reference range during pregnancy. At present, the etiology of gestational isolated hypothyroxinemia is unclear. Whether it will increase the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), preterm birth and other adverse outcomes of pregnancy remains controversial. Whether gestational isolated hypothyroxinemia affects the intelligence and nervous system development of offspring is still controversial. Therefore, one of the methods to solve the dispute is to carry out a multicenter research and longer follow-up visit to pregnant women with gestational isolated hypothyroxinemia and their offspring.

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    Research Progress on Genetic Factors of Congenital Heart Disease in Fetus
    YAO Xin-yu, LI Feng-jin, QIAO Meng-ru, ZHANG Yu-ping
    2022, 49 (1):  77-81.  doi: 10.12280/gjfckx.20210613
    Abstract ( 1514 )   HTML ( 51 )   PDF (881KB) ( 4962 )  

    Congenital heart disease (CHD) is one of the most common types of fetal birth defects, which ranks first in China and even in the world. Its mortality rate is higher and caused a huge economic burden to the society and family. Its etiology is complex, including genetic factors and environmental factors, among which genetic factors are the most important. Therefore, it is necessary to study the genetic causes of CHD. It can effectively prevent the birth of children with CHD, thereby reducing the occurrence of birth defects. Genetic causes include chromosomal aneuploidy, chromosome copy number variation and single gene inheritance disease, etc. With the development of prenatal diagnostic testing technology, karyotype analysis, low depth of whole genome sequencing and chromosome microarray analysis can achieve detection of chromosomal aneuploidy, microdeletion and microduplication. The development of whole exome sequencing technology in prenatal diagnosis will help us discover pathogenic genes related to fetal CHD. This article will review the research progress on the genetic etiology of fetal congenital heart disease.

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    Research Progress of TUBB8 Mutation Related to Female Infertility
    LI Tong-yue, WENG Jing
    2022, 49 (1):  82-86.  doi: 10.12280/gjfckx.20210714
    Abstract ( 1888 )   HTML ( 42 )   PDF (783KB) ( 6132 )  

    Tubulin beta eight class Ⅷ (TUBB8) is one type of the β-tubulin only found in primates. The correlation between TUBB8 gene and female infertility was clarified in 2016. By summarizing the relevant reports, this paper summarize that more than 100 different mutations of the gene can affect the reproductive process to varying degrees and increase the possibility of female infertility. Many gene mutations can be classified and summarized according to their genetic pattern and base change. Based on the research at the gene level, it gradually reveals the error of the protein and the domain caused by the mutation of TUBB8. By explaining the abnormality at the molecular level to the cell level, it can summarize seven mechanisms causing female infertility, which happen in the whole process of pregnancy. At present, the research on TUBB8 has been gradually used in clinical works, such as the diagnosis and treatment of infertility and the improvement of assisted reproductive technology.

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    Research Progress of External Cephalic Version among Pregnant Women with History of Cesarean Delivery
    LIU Le-nan, ZHANG Guo-ying, JIN Bai
    2022, 49 (1):  87-90.  doi: 10.12280/gjfckx.20210482
    Abstract ( 1401 )   HTML ( 55 )   PDF (661KB) ( 4983 )  

    External cephalic version (ECV) is the manipulation of the fetus presented in breech or transverse position, through the maternal abdomen, to a cephalic presentation, so as to avoid the adverse outcome for the mother and child during vaginal delivery of the breech or transverse fetal position. ECV is a safe and effective procedure to reduce cesarean delivery rates. ECV has been gradually applied to pregnant women with contraindications of ECV, such as cesarean section. A history of cesarean section did not affect the success rate of ECV, compared with no history of cesarean section, maternal and neonatal complications such as abnormal fetal heart rate, vaginal bleeding, premature rupture of membranes, emergency cesarean section, and poor neonatal prognosis were not increased. A previous cesarean delivery may not increase the risk of scar dehiscence or rupture during ECV. Parity is an important factor affecting the success rate of ECV. The majority of women with a previous cesarean delivery will have a successful vaginal birth after a successful ECV, but the rate of vaginal delivery is lower than that of women without a previous cesarean delivery. To promote a vaginal delivery and improve the obstetrics quality, ECV can be offered carefully to women with a breech presentation and a previous cesarean delivery.

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    Obstetric Physiology & Obstetric Disease:Original Article
    Comparative Analysis of Serum Lipid Components between Pre-Eclampsia Patients and Normal Pregnant Women
    YANG Yang, MA Yuan, LUAN Li-xia, LI Mao
    2022, 49 (1):  91-94.  doi: 10.12280/gjfckx.20210780
    Abstract ( 1268 )   HTML ( 60 )   PDF (699KB) ( 4988 )  

    Objective:To compare and analyze the serum lipid components of pre-eclampsia (PE) patients and normal pregnant women. Methods:A total of 16 patients with pre-eclampsia admitted to the obstetrics department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi′an Medical University from January 1, 2019 to July 1, 2019 were included as PE group. Sixteen cases of normal pregnant women were selected as the normal control group (NC group), and serum of the two groups were collected. Five kind of lipid as glycerolipids, spingolipids, glycerides, sterols and fatty acids in serum of each group were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Results:There were no significant differences in the age and BMI of between the two groups (P>0.05). The gestational age of PE group was significantly decreased than that of NC group (P<0.05). A total of 25 lipid components were analyzed in serum of the two groups, and the results showed that compared with the NC group, the expression of glycerolipids, sphingolipids, glycerides and sterols in PE group had no statistical significance (P>0.05). The serum fatty acid content in PE group was significantly higher than that in NC group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Further analysis of 13 different types of fatty acids showed that the serum levels of FFA22:4, FFA20:5, FFA20:4, FFA20:3, FFA18:2, FFA18:1, FFA16:1, FFA16:0 and FFA14:0 in pregnant women in PE group were significantly higher than those in NC group. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusions:Different types of fatty acids are differentially expressed in serum of PE patients. The above different types of FFA may be the early-warning molecules for disease diagnosis and play a certain role in disease prediction and mechanism exploration.

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    The Value of the Modified Caprini Risk Assessment Model in Predicting Pregnancy Associated Venous Thromboembolism
    YAN Xin, YE Sheng-long, GU Xun-ke, ZHAO Xue-qing, LIU Yuan-ying, WANG Yong-qing
    2022, 49 (1):  95-100.  doi: 10.12280/gjfckx.20210371
    Abstract ( 1871 )   HTML ( 52 )   PDF (781KB) ( 5244 )  

    Objective: To investigate the predictive value of the modified Caprini risk assessment model for pregnancy associated venous thromboembolism (PA-VTE). Methods: A retrospective case-control study was conducted, in which 49 PA-VTE inpatients from October 2012 to October 2019 in the obstetrics department of Peking University Third Hospital were the study group, and 98 non-PA-VTE cases were randomly selected as the control group. The differences between the two groups of PA-VTE risk factors in the modified Caprini risk assessment model were compared. The PA-VTE risk score and risk classification of patients in the two groups were analyzed by Caprini risk assessment model and the modified Caprini risk assessment model, and the correlation between risk classification and the occurrence of PA-VTE was analyzed. The predictive ability of the modified Caprini risk assessment model for PA-VTE was also evaluated. Results: ①Age, BMI≥25 kg/m2, preterm birth, fetal growth restriction, selective cesarean section, bed rest, hereditary embolism, medical complications, history of thrombosis or pulmonary embolism were the main risk factors for PA-VTE (P<0.05). ②There is a significant "dose-response" relationship between the risk classification and the occurrence of PA-VTE in both Caprini and modified Caprini risk assessment models (P for trend <0.001), that is, the risk of PA-VTE increases with the increase of risk classification. ③When the cut-off value was 3 points, the predictive value of Caprini and the modified Caprini risk assessment model for PA-VTE was the highest, with sensitivity of 0.531 and 0.694, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P=0.021). Conclusions: Both Caprini and the modified Capirini risk assessment model can be used to predict the occurrence of PA-VTE, but the modified Capirini risk assessment model has a higher sensitivity in predicting the occurrence of PA-VTE.

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    Analysis of Clinical Outcome of Multidisciplinary Consultation in 387 Cases of Fetal Congenital Heart Disease
    JIAO Xiao-jie, LIU Kan, WANG Qiu-ming, SONG Wan-yu, ZHANG Jing-li, LI Lin-yuan, WAN Ping, WU Hai-ying
    2022, 49 (1):  101-105.  doi: 10.12280/gjfckx.20210648
    Abstract ( 1304 )   HTML ( 26 )   PDF (714KB) ( 4931 )  

    Objective:To explore the clinical management and experience of fetal congenital heart disease (CHD) under multidisciplinary consultation management mode. Methods:A total of 387 singleton pregnant women were selected from Henan Provincial People′s Hospital from January 2017 to January 2020, who underwent multi-disciplinary consultation and genetic examination after echocardiography of fetal CHD, the classification and management of fetal CHD were analyzed retrospectively. Results:The common CHD includes permanent left superior vena cava, aortic coarctation, ventricular septal defect, transposition of the great artery, endocardial pad defect, tetralogy of Fallot, etc. According to the echocardiography, the complexity of CHD and the presence or absence of extracardiac abnormalities, the fetuses with CHD were divided into three groups: single CHD group (132 cases), multiple CHD group (159 cases), and combined extracardiac CHD group (96 cases), Genetic examination found that 57 cases of chromosome abnormality were induced labor. Finally, 270 cases (69.8%) pregnant women and their family members chose to terminate pregnancy, 117 cases (30.2%) continued pregnancy, of which 8 cases were lost to follow-up, and the remaining 109 cases were followed up. Among the follow-up group, 2 cases received intrauterine treatment, 3 cases died intrauterine, 8 cases died after birth, 43 cases received surgical treatment after birth, of which 5 cases died after operation, 38 cases had good prognosis, and the remaining 53 cases of CHD were generally in good condition during follow-up observation. Conclusions:Prenatal multidisciplinary consultation is helpful to the management of fetal CHD, simplify the procedure of prenatal consultation, provide more reasonable treatment advice for pregnant women, avoid blind induction of labor or continued pregnancy, guide the follow-up and treatment after birth, and improve the prognosis of retained fetus.

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    Gynecological Disease & Related Research:Review
    The Role of Macrophages in Neurogenesis and Angiogenesis in Endometriosis and Its Mechanism
    MEI Shan-shan, DING Jie, NI Zhe-xin, CHENG Wen, YU Chao-qin
    2022, 49 (1):  106-110.  doi: 10.12280/gjfckx.20210737
    Abstract ( 1348 )   HTML ( 51 )   PDF (708KB) ( 4906 )  

    Endometriosis (EMs) is a common disease in women of childbearing age and its pathogenesis is not yet clear. Neurofibrogenesis and angiogenesis are important mechanisms for disease progression, chronic pelvic pain, and enlargement of endometriosis lesions, and the causes are also very complex, which is likely to be closely related to the change of EMs immune microenvironment. Macrophages, an important component of the immune environment in EMs, are abnormally recruited and produce morphological and functional changes during disease development, secreting various pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, causing hyperexcitability of neural signals and abnormal pathway transduction, participating in the regulation of vascular endothelia growth factor (VEGF) pathway and playing an important role in neuroangiogenesis. This paper summarizes the role of macrophages in the formation of nerve fibres and blood vessels in EMs and their potential mechanisms, and provides theoretical support for targeting EMs macrophages to intervene in the inflammatory process and peripheral nerve and blood vessel generation, and provides new ideas for understanding the pathogenesis of EMs.

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    Application of 3D Bioprinted Endometrial Regenerative Cell Biological Scaffold in Intrauterine Adhesions
    XIA Rui-qi, KONG Xian-chao
    2022, 49 (1):  111-115.  doi: 10.12280/gjfckx.20210456
    Abstract ( 1466 )   HTML ( 43 )   PDF (1057KB) ( 4838 )  

    The existing treatment of intrauterine adhesions has limitations, such as high recurrence rate and low pregnancy rate. There is little help for endometrial regeneration and functional recovery, and there is no optimal treatment strategy for this problem. In recent years, stem cells have become a research focuses in the treatment of intrauterine adhesions, and how to maintain the biological activity of cells in vivo has become a key issue. 3D bio-printing technology can simulate the microenvironment of the transplanted cells in vitro, providing an effective guarantee for the therapeutic effect. At present, endometrial regenerative cells (ERC) with the characteristics of stem cells have been obtained from female menstrual blood, and found to have strong proliferative ability and multidirectional differentiation potential. However, it has not been reported whether ERC bio-scaffolds constructed by 3D bioprinting technology can be transplanted to treat intrauterine adhesions. This review briefly introduced the key technologies, cells and bio-inks of 3D bioprinting, and prospected the feasibility and limitations of the application of 3D bioprinted endometrial regenerative cell bioscaffolds for the treatment of intrauterine adhesions.

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    The Effect of Insulin Resistance on Female Reproductive Function
    HAN Le, MA Rui-hong, ZHAO Zhi-mei, XIA Tian
    2022, 49 (1):  116-120.  doi: 10.12280/gjfckx.20210716
    Abstract ( 1736 )   HTML ( 99 )   PDF (719KB) ( 5195 )  

    Insulin resistance (IR) is not only one of the important cause of various metabolic diseases, but also an important factor affecting female reproductive function. In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to the effect of IR on female reproductive function by scholars at home and abroad, and a series of studies on the influence of IR on female reproductive function have been carried out from different angles and levels. By disturbing the function of mitochondria of oocyte, destroying the balance of oxidation and antioxidation, producing inflammatory factors, the oocyte quality decreases, the damage of mitochondrial function aggravates IR, and the oocyte quality further decreases, which is a vicious circle. IR reduces endometrial receptivity and ultimately leads to reduced fertility by affecting endometrial energy metabolism, expression of AMPK pathway and PI3K/Akt pathway molecules, chronic inflammatory state and expression of other micro molecules. In addition, a variety of adverse pregnancy outcomes and pregnancy complications are also related to IR. For example, IR is a risk factor for spontaneous abortion, and pre-pregnancy IR will increase the incidence of gestational diabetes, as well as the risk of glucose intolerance, macrocephaly, obesity and hypertension in offspring.

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